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Biology > Chapter 22.4, 22.5, And 23-Botany > Flashcards

Chapter 22.4, 22.5, And 23-Botany Flashcards

1
Q

Two groups of seed plants

A

Gymnosperm

Angiosperm

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2
Q

Gymnosperm

A

Plants that bear cones that have seeds on the outside

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3
Q

The most common gymnosperms

A

Conifer

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4
Q

Angiosperm

A

Flowering plants (the flowers and the fruit protect the seed)

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5
Q

What do all seed plants have In Common

A

They both have seed coats to protect and keep the moisture inside
The both also have embryos in order for germination and a food supply in the seed or soil

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6
Q

Germination

A

The process in which the seed begins to grow

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7
Q

Two major subgroups of angiosperms

A

Monocots and dicots

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8
Q

What are three characteristics of monocots

A

Parallel venation
Fibrous roots
Flowers come in multiples of 3

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9
Q

3 characteristics of dicots

A

Branched venation
Big roots
Flowers in multiples of 4 and 5

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10
Q

When a seed germinates and the stem and root come out of it what is the root called and what is the stem called

A

Stem- plumule

Root-radical

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11
Q

Tropism

A

When a plant responds to its environment

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12
Q

What are some tropisms

A 
Hydrotropism 
Chemotropism 
Phototropism 
Thigmotrotropism 
Geotropism
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13
Q

Woody plants

A

Plants with wood and a protein called lignin

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14
Q

Herbaceous plants

A

Plants with a soft stem

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15
Q

Annual, biennial, and perennial plants

A

Annual- 1 growing season don’t come up again
Biennial- 2 growing season,dormant in winter
Perennial- come back every year

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16
Q

Three principle organs of seed plants

A

Roots
Stems
Leaves

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17
Q

Stoma

A

Pores on the bottom of a leaf that open and close to control water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

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18
Q

Three main tissue types

A

Dermal
Vascular
Ground

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19
Q

Cuticle

A

Waxy coating on the dermal tissue to help waterproof it

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20
Q

Trichombs

A

Root hairs that give the leaves the fuzzy feel that increases the surface area on roots. the root uses to absorb moisture all plants have them

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21
Q

Components of vascular tissue and what they do

A

Made up of xylem and phloem. The xylem brings moisture and sugar up the stem. The phloem brings carbs down
Tracheids are the pathways

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22
Q

What are the types of cells in ground tissue

A

Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma

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23
Q

Parenchyma

A

Make and store food

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24
Q

Collenchyma

A

Give structural support for plants with lignin

25
Q

Sclerenchyma

A

Give Rigid toughness like armored protection and

26
Q

Meristematic tissue

A

For growth and repair. The only plant tissue that is growing and going through mitosis

27
Q

The apical meristem

A

The tip of the plant root or stem that is an area of rapid growth

28
Q

Differentiation

A

Is when meristematic tissue make cells and they differentiate to what they become (vascular, ground, dermal)

29
Q

Cork

A

Bark under the meristem

30
Q

Zone of elongation

A

Stretches the root tip and pushes it down

31
Q

Zone of maturation

A

The process of cells becoming what they were made for

32
Q

Endodermis

A

What completely enclosed the roots vascular subsystem in a region called the vascular cylinder

33
Q

The casparian strips

A

Seal the inner portion of where the phloem and the xylem are. They prevent water from flowing back into the dirt

34
Q

Pith

A

Cells inside the vascular bundles of dicots

35
Q

Primary growth

A

Growth (active) progress for this year

36
Q

Bud scars

A

On stem show the previous year growths

37
Q

Secondary growth

A

When stems increase in width

38
Q

Cambium

A

Layer of meristematic tissue

39
Q

Vascular cambium

A

Layer dividing the xylem the phloem

40
Q

Cork cambium

A

Layer of tissue right under the bark where tree grows

41
Q

Heartwood

A

Darker, inner wood. Old nonfunctioning xylem that moves to center because fluid can’t flow through it

42
Q

Sapwood

A

Wood on the outer layer with liquids still flowing in it

43
Q

Bark

A

Dead phloem, cambium, and cork tissue it protects against insects

44
Q

Stems are also

A

Tubers
Bulbs
Rhizomes
Corms

45
Q

The petiole

A

Connects leaves to the stem

46
Q

Lenticle

A

The curly tissue that is involved in the breaking of fruit off from the vine, break occurs when the fruit is ripe as possible

47
Q

The cuticle

A

Waxy layer that waterproofs leaves

48
Q

Epidermis

A

The layer the cuticle covers

49
Q

The columnar or palisade mesophyll

A

Vertical columns of cells where chloroplasts are and photosynthesis occurs

50
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

Looks like a sponge, in its spaces has exchange, photosynthesis and water coming in and out happens

51
Q

Stoma

A

Aren’t structures, porelike openings on the bottom of he leaf. Allows gas in and out as well as water vapor

52
Q

Guard cells

A

Next to stoma, and close them in case of a drought. These are turgid (filled with water) and when they wilt they close the stoma

53
Q

Transpiration

A

The moving of moisture in and out of plant leaves

54
Q

Adaptions of leaves

A

Pitcher plants; attracts insects and eat them as a source of nitrogen, cactus and pine needles and rock plants

55
Q

The combination of these three things provide enough force to move water through the xylem of even the tallest plant

A

Root pressure
Capillary action
Transpiration

56
Q

What allows for capillary action

A

The property of the electrical attraction of adhesion

57
Q

Capillary action

A

The tendency of water to rise within a thin tube

58
Q

Transpirational pull

A

The tube of water is evaporating so as it pulls it helps to bring the water up

59
Q

The pressure flow hypothesis

A

Sugar-rich fluids in phloem move down from leaves. The water from the xylem moves to the phloem to even out the concentration. This creates pressure in the phloem that helps push it down

Biology (19 decks)

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