Chapter 11- Introduction To Genetics

Question 1

Self pollination

Answer 1

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower. Pollination occurs within the same plant or flower of the same species

Question 2

Cross pollination

Answer 2

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of the flower to the stigma of a flower of a different plants of the same species

Question 3

The father of genetics

Answer 3

Gregor Mendel

Question 4

What did Gregor Mendel do

Answer 4

Discovered how characteristics and traits were inherited

Question 5

Genetics

Answer 5

The study of heredity

Question 6

Heredity

Answer 6

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Question 7

What kind of plants did Mendel do his experiments on

Answer 7

Pea plants

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

Having two identical alleles for a single trait

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

Referring to two different alleles for a single trait

Question 10

Dominant allele

Answer 10

In a heterozygous situation this allele has the ability to mask the effects of a recessive allele

Question 11

Recessive allele

Answer 11

Only in a heterozygous situation, this allele is masked by the dominant allele

Question 12

What is a genotype

Answer 12

What genes, letters (combination of alleles) the organism has on their homologous pairs of chromosomes

Question 13

What is a phenotype

Answer 13

What it looks like

Question 14

What did Mendel call the two traits exhibited by the pea plants?

Answer 14

Alleles

Question 15

True-breeding

Answer 15

These plants always create plants that look like themselves

Question 16

Hybrids are

Answer 16

The offspring of two opposite true breeding plants

Question 17

Segregation is

Answer 17

The separation of alleles. Alleles segregate independently of each other during sex cell (gamete) formation

Question 18

Filial

Answer 18

Sexual offspring

Question 19

Punnet squares

Answer 19

Show a possible outcome of traits

Question 20

Gametes

Answer 20

Sex cells. Also known as haploid cells bc haploid means 1/2 the information

Question 21

Diploid cells

Answer 21

Have a full set of chromosomes and genetic information

Question 22

What’s a dihybrid cross

Answer 22

When the parents are both hybrids (heterozygous for both traits)

Question 23

Incomplete dominance

Answer 23

When there is a blending of two phenotypes

Question 24

Codominance

Answer 24

When both traits are expressed completely

Question 25

What are sex linked recessive diseases

Answer 25

Color blindness and hemophilia. Both caused by the defect on a certain spot of the X chromosome

Question 26

Polygenic traits

Answer 26

The genes that control many different traits

Question 27

Multiple alleles

Answer 27

Ex: hair color has multiple alleles that contribute to the hair color of the offspring

Question 28

Meiosis

Answer 28

The division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Question 29

Human cells have —- chromosomes

Answer 29

46 (2 pairs of 23)

Question 30

The crossover effect

Answer 30

Where the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes occurs

Question 31

What’s the difference between female and male gamete production

Answer 31

They both go through meiosis 1 and 2 but men produce 4 equal sized gametes where women produce only one large egg cell and 3 other polar bodies (cells that aren’t able to be fertilized)