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Biology > Chapter 7- Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Who created the first microscope?

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

Why did Robert Hooke name cells cells

A

Because they reminded him of the rooms monks stayed in called cells

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3
Q

Who came up with a better microscope than Hooke and used it to discover little organisms

A

Leowenhoek

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4
Q

Century that was the beginning of modern science

A

1800s

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5
Q

What are the three components of the cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells.
  2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
  3. New cells are produced from existing cells
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6
Q

All cells have these four systems

A

Reproductive
Active transport
Respiration
Digestive

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7
Q

What does the active transport system do in a cell?

A

It’s what goes out and brings things into the cell

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8
Q

What is the maximum magnification of a light microscope and what does that allow u to see

A

1000x

Bacteria but not viruses

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9
Q

When we’re electron microscopes created

A

1930s

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10
Q

Explain electron microscopes

What can u see

A

The allow us to see structure and anatomy but not physiology (how they function) because in order to look at something the electrons kill it.
A stream of electrons produce a shadow image and allow us to see viruses and some molecules

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11
Q

Two types of electron microscopes

A

Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

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12
Q

What do scanning tunneling microscopes allow us to see

A

All molecules

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13
Q

Two big groups of cells

A

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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14
Q

What are prokaryotes

A

Cells without a nucleus. Their dna is spread out in their cytoplasm. Most bacteria is this

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15
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Cells that have a nucleus. Includes all multicellular organisms

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16
Q

Organelles

A

A structure with a function within a cell “little organs”

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17
Q

99%of cells I’m out body are..

A

Eukaryotes

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18
Q

Cell wall

A

A waterproof protein that helps maintain homeostasis

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19
Q

What kind of cell has a cell wall

A

Plant

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20
Q

Why are plant cells producers

A

Bc they have chloroplasts which produce food by photosynthesis

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21
Q

What is the nuclear membrane/envelope

A

The outside layer of the nucleus. Has nuclear pores that let things in and out of the nucleus.dna is here

22
Q

Where are ribosomes made

A

On the nucleolus

23
Q

Location of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

24
Q

What dissolves when the cel goes into reproduction

A

Nuclear membrane

25
Q

What is cytoplasm

A

Everything in the membrane not including the nucleus

26
Q

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do

A

Takes and distributes ribosomes

27
Q

Where are proteins assembled (protein synthesis occurs)

A

Inside ribosomes

28
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Membranes folded into each other that become pathways for the proteins to move

29
Q

Two types of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth ER

Rough ER

30
Q

Why is rough er rough

A

Bc ribosomes are on the surface and make it bumpy

31
Q

What does smooth ER do

A

It helps to construct lipid based molecules that are used to make all membranes in a cell. Also where cells can get rid of pollutants and toxins

32
Q

What is it called when the liver gets replaced by fatty and scar tissue to combat the need of cells that the alcohol killed in the liver

A

Cirrhosis

33
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do

A

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

34
Q

What do lysosomes do

A

Break invaders, poison, and waste products down chemically

35
Q

What are vacuoles used for

A

They’re chambers used for storage in the cell

36
Q

The powerhouse of the cell and why

A

Mitochondria bc that’s where the cell is able to gather energy

37
Q

What are chloroplasts

A

Found only in plant cells. Have chlorophyll where photosynthesis occurs. Take solar energy and uses it to hook molecules together and form sugars

38
Q

What do cytoskeleton do and what cells are they found in

A

Eukaryotic cells, look like straws that give shape and structure to the cellade of microfilaments and microtubules

39
Q

Diffusion

A

When particles move from a high concentration to a low concentration

40
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion across a membrane all cells depend on it to bring moisture into them

41
Q

Three things all cells have in common

A

Cell membranes
Cytoplasm
DNA

42
Q

Cells that need more energy have more _____________

A

Mitochondria

43
Q

What do flagella do

A

Help cells move

44
Q

What are lipids and the two types of them

A

Groups of chemicals containing fats and oils

Phospholipids and glycolipids

45
Q

What are cell walls made of

A

Sugar plants make called cellulose

46
Q

Diffusion requires no

A

Energy

47
Q

What is equilibrium

A

When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout the system

48
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

Allows certain things to diffuse across the membrane with the help of proteins

49
Q

Crenation

A

When a cell shrinks to match the concentration

50
Q

What are white blood cells and the two groups

A

Leukocytes

Two groups: granulocytes which injest bacterial infections, lymphocytes which attack viruses

51
Q

What does endemic mean

A

Very common

52
Q

What are the lvls of organization in a multicellular organism

A

Individual cells- tissues-organs-organ systems

Biology (19 decks)

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