Chapter 7- Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Who created the first microscope?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

Why did Robert Hooke name cells cells

Answer 2

Because they reminded him of the rooms monks stayed in called cells

Question 3

Who came up with a better microscope than Hooke and used it to discover little organisms

Answer 3

Leowenhoek

Question 4

Century that was the beginning of modern science

Answer 4

1800s

Question 5

What are the three components of the cell theory?

Answer 5

1. All living things are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
3. New cells are produced from existing cells

Question 6

All cells have these four systems

Answer 6

Reproductive
Active transport
Respiration
Digestive

Question 7

What does the active transport system do in a cell?

Answer 7

It’s what goes out and brings things into the cell

Question 8

What is the maximum magnification of a light microscope and what does that allow u to see

Answer 8

1000x

Bacteria but not viruses

Question 9

When we’re electron microscopes created

Answer 9

1930s

Question 10

Explain electron microscopes

What can u see

Answer 10

The allow us to see structure and anatomy but not physiology (how they function) because in order to look at something the electrons kill it.
A stream of electrons produce a shadow image and allow us to see viruses and some molecules

Question 11

Two types of electron microscopes

Answer 11

Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

Question 12

What do scanning tunneling microscopes allow us to see

Answer 12

All molecules

Question 13

Two big groups of cells

Answer 13

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 14

What are prokaryotes

Answer 14

Cells without a nucleus. Their dna is spread out in their cytoplasm. Most bacteria is this

Question 15

Eukaryotes

Answer 15

Cells that have a nucleus. Includes all multicellular organisms

Question 16

Organelles

Answer 16

A structure with a function within a cell “little organs”

Question 17

99%of cells I’m out body are..

Answer 17

Eukaryotes

Question 18

Cell wall

Answer 18

A waterproof protein that helps maintain homeostasis

Question 19

What kind of cell has a cell wall

Answer 19

Plant

Question 20

Why are plant cells producers

Answer 20

Bc they have chloroplasts which produce food by photosynthesis

Question 21

What is the nuclear membrane/envelope

Answer 21

The outside layer of the nucleus. Has nuclear pores that let things in and out of the nucleus.dna is here

Question 22

Where are ribosomes made

Answer 22

On the nucleolus

Question 23

Location of protein synthesis

Answer 23

Ribosomes

Question 24

What dissolves when the cel goes into reproduction

Answer 24

Nuclear membrane

Question 25

What is cytoplasm

Answer 25

Everything in the membrane not including the nucleus

Question 26

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do

Answer 26

Takes and distributes ribosomes

Question 27

Where are proteins assembled (protein synthesis occurs)

Answer 27

Inside ribosomes

Question 28

What is the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 28

Membranes folded into each other that become pathways for the proteins to move

Question 29

Two types of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 29

Smooth ER | Rough ER

Question 30

Why is rough er rough

Answer 30

Bc ribosomes are on the surface and make it bumpy

Question 31

What does smooth ER do

Answer 31

It helps to construct lipid based molecules that are used to make all membranes in a cell. Also where cells can get rid of pollutants and toxins

Question 32

What is it called when the liver gets replaced by fatty and scar tissue to combat the need of cells that the alcohol killed in the liver

Answer 32

Cirrhosis

Question 33

What does the Golgi apparatus do

Answer 33

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Question 34

What do lysosomes do

Answer 34

Break invaders, poison, and waste products down chemically

Question 35

What are vacuoles used for

Answer 35

They’re chambers used for storage in the cell

Question 36

The powerhouse of the cell and why

Answer 36

Mitochondria bc that’s where the cell is able to gather energy

Question 37

What are chloroplasts

Answer 37

Found only in plant cells. Have chlorophyll where photosynthesis occurs. Take solar energy and uses it to hook molecules together and form sugars

Question 38

What do cytoskeleton do and what cells are they found in

Answer 38

Eukaryotic cells, look like straws that give shape and structure to the cellade of microfilaments and microtubules

Question 39

Diffusion

Answer 39

When particles move from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 40

Osmosis

Answer 40

Diffusion across a membrane all cells depend on it to bring moisture into them

Question 41

Three things all cells have in common

Answer 41

Cell membranes Cytoplasm DNA

Question 42

Cells that need more energy have more _____________

Answer 42

Mitochondria

Question 43

What do flagella do

Answer 43

Help cells move

Question 44

What are lipids and the two types of them

Answer 44

Groups of chemicals containing fats and oils | Phospholipids and glycolipids

Question 45

What are cell walls made of

Answer 45

Sugar plants make called cellulose

Question 46

Diffusion requires no

Answer 46

Energy

Question 47

What is equilibrium

Answer 47

When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout the system

Question 48

What is facilitated diffusion

Answer 48

Allows certain things to diffuse across the membrane with the help of proteins

Question 49

Crenation

Answer 49

When a cell shrinks to match the concentration

Question 50

What are white blood cells and the two groups

Answer 50

Leukocytes | Two groups: granulocytes which injest bacterial infections, lymphocytes which attack viruses

Question 51

What does endemic mean

Answer 51

Very common

Question 52

What are the lvls of organization in a multicellular organism

Answer 52

Individual cells- tissues-organs-organ systems