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Biology > Chapter 39- The Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 39- The Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Sagital cut

A

Cut down middle view

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2
Q

Scrotum

A

Thin skinned membrane that covers both testes.

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3
Q

Why are the testes outside body

A

Bc sperm can’t develop inside the body bc it’s too warm, it’s about two degrees cooler outside

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4
Q

Epididymus

A

There are two of them where the mature sperm are stored they are stored her about 3-4 days before they die and are absorbed into the blood stream

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5
Q

Vas deferrins

A

The two pathways that come off the back of each teste to the abdominal canvity over top of the bladder and down behind it

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6
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Glands that add fluid to moving sperm, path continues to prostate

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7
Q

Prostate

A

Gland that adds fluid to moving sperm

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8
Q

Cowper’s gland

A

Releases mucus ahead of the sperm to rinse out the rest of the path when sperm arrive. It rinses our pee which is acidic which makes it more hospitable for sperm

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9
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Major killer to men bc the symptoms are what every old man experiences. The glands swell which prevent u from peeing right, check during colonoscopy

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10
Q

Erection

A

Blood surges into sponge fills with blood penis expands. Only time there’s movement without muscles

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11
Q

Ejaculation

A

The process of releasing sperm. Lasts 2-3 seconds. Sperm is produced but muscular rings around urethra and vas deferrins

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12
Q

How many sperm in avg ejaculate

A

200 million

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13
Q

Composition of semen

A

60% from seminal vesicles
Vitamins c
Fructose to give sperm energy
Mostly mucus

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14
Q

What gland produced most of fluid

A

Prostate

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15
Q

Sperms pH

A

Alkaline, when the pH 7-8 mucus interacts with the speed they become active and can swim. The semen is ejaculated into the back of the vagina bc it changes the vaginas 5-6 ph to 7-8 in back

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16
Q

Spermogenesis

A

The creation of sperm

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17
Q

Acrosome

A

Helmet protects the sperms nucleus

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18
Q

Midpiece

A

Where the mitochondria are. They provide energy by adp to atp conversion. They move fibers which make the tail (flagella) whip

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19
Q

Fimbrea

A

Float on surface of ovary that move the egg to the Fallopian tube (hairs)

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20
Q

Fallopian tube

A

Has cilia that move the egg along. Liquid from the abdomen also goes through it
Where sperm meets egg

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21
Q

Uterus

A

Smaller than ur fist
Lined with smooth muscle
The fertilized egg comes down from the Fallopian tubes to here. The walls are a half inch think when not pregnant

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22
Q

Cervix

A

Opening at bottom of uterus to vagina

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23
Q

Hymen

A

Web like layer of tissue near opening of vagina

24
Q

Labia

A

3 folds that protect opening of vagina

25
Clitoris
Small structure that fills with blood like the penis does
26
Changes in males after puberty
Increase in testosterone results in fat dissolving and miss mass increasing. Vocal cords stretch and cause voice cracks. Hair growth in pits groin and face. Wet dreams only when testes first are turning on
27
Women puberty
Get curvy bc we build fat stores from estrogen, acillary and pubic hair growth. 2-3 process of breast growth
28
Menstral cycles 3 parts
1. Menses 2. Prolifrative stage (6-14) 3. Progesterone levels rise and peak day 24
29
Menses
Day 1-5. The blood lining is shed bc the membrane that holds the blood lining of the uterus together dissolves
30
Follicle
Blister cell that starts filling with fluid. Contains an egg in the middle. The follicle moves to the outside of the ovary and bursts releasing the liquid and the egg with 1/2 of the chromosomes
31
FSH AND LH
FSH- hormone that helps to grow the follicle LH- hormone that help the membrane form around the egg These both work together to form the egg
32
Prolifrative stage
Day 6-14, the blood lining builds back up caused by the rising of estrogen. Day 14 is ovulation when the egg leaves the ovary.
33
What makes menses begins again and peaks of day 24 of the menstral cycle
Progesterone levels
34
Blastocyst
The egg and the other supporting cells around it (blood vessels, placenta, and the umbilical cord grow from this). These form when the fertilized egg arrive and implant in the uterin wall
35
Human chorionic gonadotrophin , hormone that is released into the blood stream and the urine after the placenta begins to grow. It shows up in urine pregnancy tests 7-10 days after a missed period (2 weeks after conception). In blood tests it will show up the third day after a missed period.
Human chorionic Gonadotrophin
36
Birth control
Prevents ovulation
37
When ovulation occurs there’s a
Slight temp spike
38
Zygote
When conception occurs the haploid gamete cells turns into this
39
Fetus
The zygote is considered this when it arrives in the uterus and has been there for ten weeks
40
Two types of twins
Maternal | Paternal
41
Maternal twins
Involves one sperm and one egg. When the egg is dividing it splits off forming two identical twins. 4-8-to two 8 that then keep dividing
42
Paternal twins
If two follicles mature and one sperm fertilize each
43
Braxton Hicks contractions
Two weeks prior to delivery women get these as hormone levels build in the uterus. Oxytocin from the hypothalamus trigger them. You know they’re Braxton Hicks contractions instead of the actual ones bc they don’t build in intensity and aren’t regular in terms of minutes
44
Cervical dilation
Cervix starts to dilate at about 8 months | 1-2 cm dilated for the last week of pregnancy for the first baby and 3-4 cm for the second
45
Breach baby
When then baby is butt down instead of head down during labor
46
Stages of labor
Dialation | Expulsion
47
Dialation stage
1-10 cm. Contractions begin last for one minute and are 3-6 minutes apart.when the cervix is 10 cm dismayed they are 3 mins long with only a one minute break. With the first baby this stage can last 6-10 hours
48
Amniotic fluid
In thin sac (amniotic sac) that holds the baby it’s cloudy b it has the baby’s dead skin cells in it. After the water breaks the baby must be delivered by 24 hours or else infection. If it’s longer doctors do c section
49
When the water breaks what increases
Contractions due to the release of oxytocin
50
Pitocin
Man made oxytocin that is given to increase contractions to speed up delivery
51
Episiotomy
Doctor cuts opening of vagina if they think it’s going to tear so it’s easier to suture
52
The afterbirth
Placenta pulls away from uterine wall (fetomaternal bleed) mom delivers it 15 mins later
53
Apgar score
Nurse quietly takes this test to see if the baby is ok. The first 10-15 mins the baby’s organs are turning on
54
Bilirubin
Waste product of hemoglobin. There is 0.1-0.3 mg per Decaliter in the blood stream rn. A baby’s bilirubin will rise bc the liver isn’t working yet.
55
At ____ mg per dl the baby will _____
15, jaundice(turn orange)

Biology (19 decks)

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