Chapter 37- Circulatory System Flashcards
Plasma
The first layer of blood in a test tube after centrifuge spins it. Mostly water but also glucose protein and salt
Two main proteins in plasma
- Albumin- 85%
2. Globulin- 15%
Four major salts in plasma
Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-
The Buffy coat of blood in test tube
White blood cells aka leukocytes
Two subgroups of leukocytes
- Granulocytes- fight bacteria
2. Lymphocytes- fight viruses
Red blood cells
Biconcave disks that carry oxygen to the cells. On the hemoglobin that are made up of iron there can be four oxygen molecules that attach
Platelets
Pieces of cells from bone marrow that are responsible for blood clotting when u cut yourself the injured cells release chemicals that make the platelets stick to each other which forms a scab.
Thrombin
Fibrous net that platelets stick to
Lymphatic system
Drains away interstitial fluid. They’re tubes with lymph nodes. The right and left drain into separate places. The tubes dump the garbage into the blood stream to be cleaned by the spleen
Epiglottis
Fold of tissue that acts like a flap. It prevents food fro, going down the airway
Alveoli
Sacs of cells filled with arteries and veins where gas exchange occurs across one membrane.
Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide Go from air to feels and cells to air
At the alveoli oxygen binds to hemoglobin which deliver it to the body cells. Those cells make carbon dioxide which then dissolves into the blood in a bicarbonate salt called HCO3-. The blood delivers it back to the alveoli then it converts HCO3 back to CO2
Cilia
Tiny hairs that move like wavelike motions inside bronchioles. They pick up dust and other caca that sticks to the lungs and brings it back up to be swallowed or spit out.
Emphysema
Mucus kingpin dries up connected with smoking
Cystic fibrosis
Genetic defect where lungs always produce mucus
Larynx
Controls pitch of voice
Pharynx
Area in the back of throat that is apassage for air and food
Diaphragm
Contracts when you inhale and sucks air in by vacuum
Yawning
Lack of oxygen in bloodstream so mouth opens to increase flow
Spirometer
Tool doctors use to measure tidal volume and vital capacity
Tidal volume
Amount of air you breathe in or out with a normal relaxed breath
Vital capacity
The max amount of space you can use for gas exchange
Hyperventilating
Uncontrollable breathing caused by lack of carbon dioxide
Two major veins that bring blood back to heart
Vena cava
Two major sounds of heart beat
Ventricles and atrium contracting
Chordae tendinae
Attaches heart valve
Aortic semilunar valves
Go out to aortic arch
Why do valves known when to open and close/ how do atrium and ventricles contract
Bc Sino Atrial node which is a ganglion it sends action potential that makes atrium contract. Then that signal goes to another ganglion called AV which is near septum that makes the ventricles contract
Ganglion
Bundle of nerve tissues that receive a signal from the brain
Arterial blood
Sports with the human heart beat and is bright red. Then the medulla senses that there isn’t enough oxygen so the heart beats faster and u bleed out
Heart block
The AV node doesn’t get stimulated and that goes into idle mode where it beats at a slow rate even if they increase the activity so you are lightheaded
Heart murmur
Leaky valve when the doctor listens to your heart he tried to hear gurgling around valve occurs when blood goes backwards.
Aneurysm
An artery that is ballooning everytime the heart beats ends up bursting in brain
Heart attack symptoms
1 pain or pressure
2 nausea
3 light headedness
4 pain in left arm
Stents
Treatment for heart attack, go into artery with catheter rice sized thing explodes into wire cage
Open heart surgery
Bypass surgery where they cut the sternum in half and pull the rib cage apart. Take vein from leg and attach it below the blockage creating new pathway for blood. They staple sternum back together and it’s painful
A fib
Atrial fibrillation nerve problem with SA node it looses its organization. The heart spasms
