Chapter 4- Ecosystems And Communities

Question 1

What is weather

Answer 1

The day to day conditions of the atmosphere at a particular time and place

Question 2

What is climate

Answer 2

The long term average of conditions of a region

Temp and precipitation

Question 3

Insolation

Answer 3

Sunlight that strikes the earth

Question 4

What is the greenhouse effect

Answer 4

When heat energy is trapped

Question 5

What are the three main climate zones

Answer 5

Polar
Temperate
Tropical

Question 6

What is the Gulf Stream

Who discovered it

Answer 6

It’s on the east coast of the US and was the first ocean current discovered by Ben Franklin. The warm air comes from the Caribbean and warms up places up north like Britain which is why they don’t get snow even though they’re more northern than us

Question 7

Biotic

Answer 7

Living things

Question 8

Abiotic

Answer 8

Without life, no living factors like rainfall, weather, and erosion

Question 9

What is a habitat

Answer 9

The abiotic and biotic factory’s together that determine the productivity or growth of an organism and the ecosystem in which it lives.

Question 10

What is a niche

Answer 10

Includes The specific place in the food web temp and abiotic or biotic factors that are very unique to species

Question 11

What is predation

Answer 11

The act of a predator killing prey

Question 12

What is symbiosis

How many types are there

Answer 12

Means two or more species living together

3

Question 13

What are the three types of symbiosis

Answer 13

Mutualism
Commensalism
parasitism

Question 14

What is mutalism

Answer 14

Both species benefit from the relationship

Question 15

What is commensalism

Answer 15

One organism benefits from the relationship and the other isn’t helped or harmed

Question 16

Parasitism

Answer 16

One organism is receiving all or almost all of its nutrition from the other organism
(It harms the other)

Question 17

What is succession

Answer 17

To move from one situation to the next

Question 18

What is primary succession

Answer 18

It occurs where the soil has been destroyed by volcanoes or when glaciers melt and there’s just exposed rock

Question 19

What are pioneer species

Answer 19

Often like dance which are fungus and An alga and they grow on bare rock. As they grow they break up the rock and when they die they add organic material to help form soil in which plants can grow

Question 20

What is secondary succession

Answer 20

It occurs after a natural event like fires or farming disturbs the ecosystem and gradually you see the whole ecosystem moving back to its original state before the disruption

Question 21

What are biomes

Answer 21

Complexes of terrestrial communities that cover a large area and is characterized by certain soil in climate conditions in particular assemblages of plants and animals

Question 22

What are the 10 major biomes

Answer 22

Tropical rain forest, tropical dry forest, tropical savanna, desert, temperate grassland, temperate Woodland and shrubland, temperate forest, northwestern coniferous forest, boreal forest and tundra

Question 23

Canopy

Answer 23

50-80 meters above the forest floor. Home to lots of species

Question 24

Understory

Answer 24

The bottom lower level of rainforest

Question 25

Deciduous

Answer 25

Type of plants that shed leaves during a particular season

Question 26

Coniferous

Answer 26

Plants that reproduce by seed bearing cone | Like pine trees

Question 27

Humus

Answer 27

Decayed organic material

Question 28

Taiga

Answer 28

AKA boreal forests which are dense with evergreen and coniferous trees. The winters are long and hard

Question 29

Permafrost

Answer 29

Ground that is always frozen located in tundra. The surface may thaw but the subsoil stays frozen

Question 30

What are two main types of freshwater ecosystems

Answer 30

Flowing water ecosystems | Standing water ecosystems

Question 31

What are estuaries

Answer 31

Wetland areas that formed where rivers run into the sea. The fresh water and the salt water mix together.

Question 32

Detritus

Answer 32

Decayed material made up of tiny pieces of organic material

Question 33

Salt marshes

Answer 33

The type of estuary that is dominated by salt tolerant grasses above the low tide line and by sea grass underwater

Question 34

What is the Majority of the bottom of the ocean surface

Answer 34

The abyssal plain

Question 35

What is the continental shelf

Answer 35

The shallow area from the beach to where the ocean floor drops off The shallow border than surrounds the continents

Question 36

What is the continental slope or the continetsl rise

Answer 36

The drop off from the beach to the flat part of the ocean called the abyssal plain Or the rising up from the abyssal plain to the beach

Question 37

How are ocean trenches created

Answer 37

When tectonic plates move

Question 38

What is the photic zone

Answer 38

Where the sunlight can still penetrate through the ocean. Most consumers and producers live here (life)

Question 39

Aphotic zone

Answer 39

The region of the ocean where no light penetrates the only producers here are chemosynthetic

Question 40

Intertidal zone is

Answer 40

Where the tides roll in, the area close to the shore where seawater rises and falls twice a day. This creates a very unique ecosystem

Question 41

Benthic zone

Answer 41

The top layer of the bottom of the ocean where the benthos are

Question 42

Zonation

Answer 42

A horizontal band that allows for specific living things to live there

Question 43

The coastal ocean

Answer 43

Extends from the low tide mark to the outer edge of the continental shelf

Question 44

What is kelp and it’s used

Answer 44

Brown algae that has a holdfast that attaches itself to the ocean floor People harvest it to make Algin which is a compound that is an emulsifier and makes things smooth like toothpaste icing and ice cream

Question 45

The coral reef

Answer 45

The nursery of the ocean Relatively shallow and is created by skeletons of dead animals that build up and living animals live there on it and grow on it

Question 46

Open oceans

Answer 46

Nutrient poor. 90% of the ocean is open ocean It’s 500m-11,000m deep