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Biology > Chapter 4- Ecosystems And Communities > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Ecosystems And Communities Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is weather

A

The day to day conditions of the atmosphere at a particular time and place

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2
Q

What is climate

A

The long term average of conditions of a region

Temp and precipitation

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3
Q

Insolation

A

Sunlight that strikes the earth

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4
Q

What is the greenhouse effect

A

When heat energy is trapped

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5
Q

What are the three main climate zones

A

Polar
Temperate
Tropical

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6
Q

What is the Gulf Stream

Who discovered it

A

It’s on the east coast of the US and was the first ocean current discovered by Ben Franklin. The warm air comes from the Caribbean and warms up places up north like Britain which is why they don’t get snow even though they’re more northern than us

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7
Q

Biotic

A

Living things

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8
Q

Abiotic

A

Without life, no living factors like rainfall, weather, and erosion

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9
Q

What is a habitat

A

The abiotic and biotic factory’s together that determine the productivity or growth of an organism and the ecosystem in which it lives.

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10
Q

What is a niche

A

Includes The specific place in the food web temp and abiotic or biotic factors that are very unique to species

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11
Q

What is predation

A

The act of a predator killing prey

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12
Q

What is symbiosis

How many types are there

A

Means two or more species living together

3

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13
Q

What are the three types of symbiosis

A

Mutualism
Commensalism
parasitism

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14
Q

What is mutalism

A

Both species benefit from the relationship

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15
Q

What is commensalism

A

One organism benefits from the relationship and the other isn’t helped or harmed

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16
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism is receiving all or almost all of its nutrition from the other organism
(It harms the other)

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17
Q

What is succession

A

To move from one situation to the next

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18
Q

What is primary succession

A

It occurs where the soil has been destroyed by volcanoes or when glaciers melt and there’s just exposed rock

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19
Q

What are pioneer species

A

Often like dance which are fungus and An alga and they grow on bare rock. As they grow they break up the rock and when they die they add organic material to help form soil in which plants can grow

20
Q

What is secondary succession

A

It occurs after a natural event like fires or farming disturbs the ecosystem and gradually you see the whole ecosystem moving back to its original state before the disruption

21
Q

What are biomes

A

Complexes of terrestrial communities that cover a large area and is characterized by certain soil in climate conditions in particular assemblages of plants and animals

22
Q

What are the 10 major biomes

A

Tropical rain forest, tropical dry forest, tropical savanna, desert, temperate grassland, temperate Woodland and shrubland, temperate forest, northwestern coniferous forest, boreal forest and tundra

23
Q

Canopy

A

50-80 meters above the forest floor. Home to lots of species

24
Q

Understory

A

The bottom lower level of rainforest

25
Q

Deciduous

A

Type of plants that shed leaves during a particular season

26
Q

Coniferous

A

Plants that reproduce by seed bearing cone

Like pine trees

27
Q

Humus

A

Decayed organic material

28
Q

Taiga

A

AKA boreal forests which are dense with evergreen and coniferous trees. The winters are long and hard

29
Q

Permafrost

A

Ground that is always frozen located in tundra. The surface may thaw but the subsoil stays frozen

30
Q

What are two main types of freshwater ecosystems

A

Flowing water ecosystems

Standing water ecosystems

31
Q

What are estuaries

A

Wetland areas that formed where rivers run into the sea. The fresh water and the salt water mix together.

32
Q

Detritus

A

Decayed material made up of tiny pieces of organic material

33
Q

Salt marshes

A

The type of estuary that is dominated by salt tolerant grasses above the low tide line and by sea grass underwater

34
Q

What is the Majority of the bottom of the ocean surface

A

The abyssal plain

35
Q

What is the continental shelf

A

The shallow area from the beach to where the ocean floor drops off
The shallow border than surrounds the continents

36
Q

What is the continental slope or the continetsl rise

A

The drop off from the beach to the flat part of the ocean called the abyssal plain
Or the rising up from the abyssal plain to the beach

37
Q

How are ocean trenches created

A

When tectonic plates move

38
Q

What is the photic zone

A

Where the sunlight can still penetrate through the ocean. Most consumers and producers live here (life)

39
Q

Aphotic zone

A

The region of the ocean where no light penetrates the only producers here are chemosynthetic

40
Q

Intertidal zone is

A

Where the tides roll in, the area close to the shore where seawater rises and falls twice a day. This creates a very unique ecosystem

41
Q

Benthic zone

A

The top layer of the bottom of the ocean where the benthos are

42
Q

Zonation

A

A horizontal band that allows for specific living things to live there

43
Q

The coastal ocean

A

Extends from the low tide mark to the outer edge of the continental shelf

44
Q

What is kelp and it’s used

A

Brown algae that has a holdfast that attaches itself to the ocean floor
People harvest it to make Algin which is a compound that is an emulsifier and makes things smooth like toothpaste icing and ice cream

45
Q

The coral reef

A

The nursery of the ocean
Relatively shallow and is created by skeletons of dead animals that build up and living animals live there on it and grow on it

46
Q

Open oceans

A

Nutrient poor.
90% of the ocean is open ocean
It’s 500m-11,000m deep

Biology (19 decks)

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