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Biology 1406 > Chapter 8: An Intro to Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 8: An Intro to Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

What catabolism?

A

When something is being broken down, releases energy

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2
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Building or making something, this requires energy

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3
Q

Synthesis of cell molecules and structures

A

Biosynthesis

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4
Q

Are Endergonic reactions anabolic or catabolism?

A

Anabolic

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5
Q

Are excergonic reactions anabolic or catabolic?

A

Catabolic

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6
Q

Breaks the bonds of larger molecules to release energy

A

Catabolism (exergonic reactions)

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7
Q

Metabolic reactions may be _______

A

Coupled

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8
Q

What is the study of energy transformations?

A

Thermodynamics

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9
Q

Are organisms an open or closed system?

A

Open

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10
Q

What’s an example of a closed system?

A

Thermos, no exchange with the environment

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11
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy of the universe is constant

Energy can be transferred and transformed

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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12
Q

The first law of of thermodynamics is also called….

A

The principle of conservation of energy

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13
Q

The second law of thermodynamics?

A
  • during every energy transfer or transformation, some energy is unusable, often lost as heat
  • every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe
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14
Q

Spontaneous processes occur without _________; they can happen quickly or slowly

A

Energy input

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15
Q

For a process to occur without energy input, it must increase the ……

A

Entropy of the universe

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16
Q

Entropy (disorder) may _______ in an organism, but the universe’s total entropy _________

A

Decreases, increases

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17
Q

How can you tell which processes are spontaneous?

A

If delta G is negative

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18
Q

What is delta G?

A

Free energy/ energy that can do work

19
Q

What is delta H?

A

Total energy

20
Q

T stands for?

A

Temperature

21
Q

What is delta S?

A

Change in the entropy

22
Q

Delta G =

A

Delta H - T delta S

23
Q

Is a measure of a system’s instability, it’s tendency to change to a more stable state

A

Free energy

24
Q

During spontaneous change, free energy _______ and the stability of a system ________

A

Decreases, increases

25
Q

What is the state of maximum stability?

A

Equilibrium

When delta G is 0

26
Q

A process is spontaneous and can perform work only when it is moving towards…

A

Equilibrium

27
Q

Reactions in closed systems eventually reach __________ and then…..

A

Equilibrium,

Do no work

28
Q

The bonds between the phosphate groups of ATP’s tail can be broken by……

This releases _________

A

Hydrolysis

Energy

29
Q

Speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the products or consumed in the reaction

A

Catalysts

30
Q

What are biological catalysts?

A

Enzymes,

They can be reused

31
Q

What is induced fit?

A

Brings Chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reactions

32
Q

Enzymes do not effect ______; instead they hasten reactions they would occur eventually

A

Delta G (change in free energy)

33
Q

Catalysis in the enzyme’s active site can lower activation energy barrier by …..

A
  • orienting substrates correctly
  • straining substrate bonds
  • providing a favorable micro environment
  • covalently bonding time the substrate
34
Q

What is a non-protein enzyme helper?

A

Cofactor, ex. Iron, zinc

Coenzyme- when the cofactor is organic ex.vitamins

35
Q

a biochemically active compound formed by the combination of an enzyme with a coenzyme.

A

Holoenzyme

36
Q

Where do competitive inhibitors bind?

A

The active site

37
Q

Noncompetitive inhibitors bind where?

What effect do they have?

A

The alosteric site, opposite of the active site.

They change the shape of the enzyme making it less effective

38
Q

Sometimes binding to the allosteric site can inhibit or prohibit the active site (true or false)

A

True

39
Q

The binding of an activator stabilizes the ______ from of the enzyme

A

Active

40
Q

The binding of an inhibitor stabilizes the ________ from of the enzyme

A

Inactive

41
Q

_____________ is a form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity

A

Cooperativity

42
Q

In copperativity, binding by a substrate to one active site stabilizes favorable conformational changes at …..

A

All other subunits

43
Q

When the end product of a metabolic pathway sits down the pathway

A

Feedback inhibition

44
Q

Some enzymes act as ___________ components of membranes

A

Structural

Biology 1406 (20 decks)

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