Chapter 2: The Chemical Context Of Life

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Something that has mass and volume

Question 2

What do elements consist of?

Answer 2

Protons, neutrons (in the nucleus), and electron clouds

A specific type of atom

Question 3

What is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element?

Answer 3

Atom

Question 4

About ____% - _____% of the 92 elements are essential to life.

Answer 4

20-25

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur

Trace elements

Question 5

What is a compound?

Answer 5

Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Different characteristics from those if it’s elements

Question 6

The smallest functional unit of matter that form all chemical substances

Answer 6

Atoms

Question 7

What are the three subatomic particles?

Answer 7

Protons and neutrons (in the nucleus)

and electrons found in energy shell orbitals

Question 8

Same element but different # of neutrons?

Answer 8

Isotopes

Question 9

If the number of protons change it changes the ________.

Answer 9

Element

Question 10

Protons mass and _________ mass are almost identical.

Answer 10

Neutron

Question 11

What is the unit of atomic mass?

Answer 11

Daltons

Question 12

The # of protons distinguishes one _________ from another.

Answer 12

Element

Question 13

How can you find the # of neutrons?

Answer 13

Subtract the atomic number from what atomic mass

Question 14

Atoms of an element have the same number of ________ but differ in the number of ________.

Answer 14

Protons, neutrons

Question 15

What are valance electrons?

Answer 15

Mother most electrons

Question 16

What plays a role in chemical reactions?

Answer 16

Valance electrons

Question 17

What energy is the energy that matter has because of its location or structure

Answer 17

Potential

Question 18

The further out on electron shells the more ________ it has.

Answer 18

Energy

Question 19

Electrons in the outer most shell?

Answer 19

Valance electrons

Question 20

What is the chemical behavior of an atom mostly determined by?

Answer 20

The valance electrons

Question 21

What orbitals are spherical?

Answer 21

S orbitals

Question 22

What orbitals are propeller or dumbbells snapped?

Answer 22

P orbitals

Question 23

Each orbital can only hold ____ electrons. An atoms with more than 2 electrons has more than 1 orbital.

Answer 23

2