Chapter 8 Flashcards
menarche
Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce.
menstrual cycle days 1 to 5 (menstrual period)
discharge of bloody fluid containing disintegrated endometrial cells, glandular secretions, and blood cells.
menstrual cycle days 6 to 12
after bleeding ceases, the endometrium begins to repair itself. The maturing follicle in the ovary releases estrogen, which aids in the repair. The ovum grows in the follicle during this period.
menstrual cycle days 13 and 14 (ovulatory period)
on about the 14th day of the cycle, the follicle ruptures and the egg leaves the ovary (ovulation), passing through the fallopian tube.
menstrual cycle days 15 to 28
the empty follicle fills with a yellow material and becomes the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum functions as an endocrine organ and secrets the hormone progesterone into the blood stream.
adnexae uteri
fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments.
amnion
innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
areola
dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
Bartholin glands
small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body). Caspar Bartholin was a Danish anatomist, who described the glands in 1637.
cervix
lower, neck-like portion of the uterus.
chorion
outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta
clitoris
organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the femal urethra.
coitus
sexual intercourse; copulation.
corpus luteum
Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow (luteum) body (corpus)
cul-de-sac
region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus.
embryo
stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weaks
endometrium
inner, mucous membrane linings of the uterus.
estrogen
hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics.
fallopian tube
one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus; also called an oviduct. The uterus were named for Gabriello Fallopia, an Italian anatomist.
fertilization
Union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops.
fetus
Stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks
fimbriae (singular: fimbria)
finger- or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
gamete
male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum