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Medical Terminology > chapter 15 > Flashcards

chapter 15 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

exostosis

A

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone

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2
Q

fracture

A

traumatic breaking of a bone

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3
Q

colles

A

fracture near the wrist at distal end of the radius

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4
Q

comminuted

A

bone is splintered and crushed into several pieces

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5
Q

compression

A

bone collapses or is compressed; occurs in vertebrae

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6
Q

Greenstick

A

bone is partially broken m; breaks on one surface and bends on another; ofteb occurring in forearm

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7
Q

impacted

A

one fragment is driven firmly into the other m; at the head of the femur or head of the humerus

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8
Q

osteogenic sarcoma ( osteosarcoma)

A

common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents

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9
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone

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10
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

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11
Q

osteoporosis

A

decease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone

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12
Q

talipes

A

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)

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13
Q

joint ( articulation)

A

a coming together of two or more bones

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14
Q

suture joints

A

immovable joint

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15
Q

synovial joints

A

freely movable

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16
Q

joint capsule

A

surrounds the bones ina a synovial joint. IT is composed of fibrous tissue

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17
Q

ligaments

A

bone to bone

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18
Q

articular cartilage

A

a smooth, glistening white tissue that cover bones at the joint

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19
Q

meniscus

A

a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that partly divides a joint cavity and acts as a protective cushion

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20
Q

bursae

A

closed sacs of synovial fluid lined with synovial membrane and are located near but not within a joint

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21
Q

tendon

A

muscle to bone

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22
Q

synovial cavity

A

space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by synovial membrane

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23
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous (sticky) fluid with the synovial cavity. Synovial fluid is similar in viscosity to egg white; this accounts for the origin of the term

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24
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

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25
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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26
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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27
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

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28
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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29
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

30
Q

rheumat/o

A

watery flow

31
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane

32
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

33
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

34
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

35
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of any joint

36
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

37
Q

gouty arthritis (gout)

A

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

38
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A

Progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces.

39
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

40
Q

bunion

A

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

41
Q

hallux

A

great toe

42
Q

valgus

A

abnormal angulation of the toe

43
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

44
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of a bone from its joint

45
Q

ganglion cyst

A

fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand

46
Q

herniation of an intervertebral disk (disc)

A

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

47
Q

lyme disease (Lyme arthritis)

A

disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause ia a bacterium carrried by tick

48
Q

sprain

A

trauma to ligaments without rupture

49
Q

systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)

A

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, CNS, heart and lungs

50
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)

51
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous connective tissue

52
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

53
Q

my/o

A

muscle

54
Q

myocardi/o

A

heart muscle

55
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

56
Q

plant/o

A

sole of the foot

57
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

skeletal (striated) muscle connected to the bones

58
Q

sarc/o

A

muscle and flesh

59
Q

-asthenia

A

lack of strength

60
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

61
Q

polymyositis

A

chronic inflammatory myopathy

62
Q

antinuclear antibody test (ANA)

A

Detects an antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases

63
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

64
Q

rheumatoid factor test (RF)

A

serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

65
Q

serum calcium

A

measurement of calcium level in serum

66
Q

serum creatine kinase (CK)

A

measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum

67
Q

uric acid test

A

measurement if uric acid in serum

68
Q

arthrocentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

69
Q

bone scan

A

uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in done

70
Q

diskography

A

x-ray examination of cervical and lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disk

71
Q

ewing sarcoma

A

rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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