chapter 15

Question 1

exostosis

Answer 1

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone

Question 2

fracture

Answer 2

traumatic breaking of a bone

Question 3

colles

Answer 3

fracture near the wrist at distal end of the radius

Question 4

comminuted

Answer 4

bone is splintered and crushed into several pieces

Question 5

compression

Answer 5

bone collapses or is compressed; occurs in vertebrae

Question 6

Greenstick

Answer 6

bone is partially broken m; breaks on one surface and bends on another; ofteb occurring in forearm

Question 7

impacted

Answer 7

one fragment is driven firmly into the other m; at the head of the femur or head of the humerus

Question 8

osteogenic sarcoma ( osteosarcoma)

Answer 8

common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents

Question 9

osteomalacia

Answer 9

softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone

Question 10

osteomyelitis

Answer 10

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Question 11

osteoporosis

Answer 11

decease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone

Question 12

talipes

Answer 12

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)

Question 13

joint ( articulation)

Answer 13

a coming together of two or more bones

Question 14

suture joints

Answer 14

immovable joint

Question 15

synovial joints

Answer 15

freely movable

Question 16

joint capsule

Answer 16

surrounds the bones ina a synovial joint. IT is composed of fibrous tissue

Question 17

ligaments

Answer 17

bone to bone

Question 18

articular cartilage

Answer 18

a smooth, glistening white tissue that cover bones at the joint

Question 19

meniscus

Answer 19

a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that partly divides a joint cavity and acts as a protective cushion

Question 20

bursae

Answer 20

closed sacs of synovial fluid lined with synovial membrane and are located near but not within a joint

Question 21

tendon

Answer 21

muscle to bone

Question 22

synovial cavity

Answer 22

space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by synovial membrane

Question 23

synovial fluid

Answer 23

viscous (sticky) fluid with the synovial cavity. Synovial fluid is similar in viscosity to egg white; this accounts for the origin of the term

Question 24

ankyl/o

Answer 24

stiff

Question 25

arthr/o

Answer 25

joint

Question 26

articul/o

Answer 26

joint

Question 27

burs/o

Answer 27

bursa

Question 28

chondr/o

Answer 28

cartilage

Question 29

ligament/o

Answer 29

ligament

Question 30

rheumat/o

Answer 30

watery flow

Question 31

synov/o

Answer 31

synovial membrane

Question 32

ten/o

Answer 32

tendon

Question 33

tendin/o

Answer 33

tendon

Question 34

-desis

Answer 34

to bind, tie together

Question 35

arthritis

Answer 35

inflammation of any joint

Question 36

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 36

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

Question 37

gouty arthritis (gout)

Answer 37

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

Question 38

osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 38

Progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces.

Question 39

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 39

Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

Question 40

bunion

Answer 40

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

Question 41

hallux

Answer 41

great toe

Question 42

valgus

Answer 42

abnormal angulation of the toe

Question 43

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 43

Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

Question 44

dislocation

Answer 44

displacement of a bone from its joint

Question 45

ganglion cyst

Answer 45

fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand

Question 46

herniation of an intervertebral disk (disc)

Answer 46

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

Question 47

lyme disease (Lyme arthritis)

Answer 47

disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause ia a bacterium carrried by tick

Question 48

sprain

Answer 48

trauma to ligaments without rupture

Question 49

systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)

Answer 49

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, CNS, heart and lungs

Question 50

fasci/o

Answer 50

fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)

Question 51

fibr/o

Answer 51

fibrous connective tissue

Question 52

leiomy/o

Answer 52

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

Question 53

my/o

Answer 53

muscle

Question 54

myocardi/o

Answer 54

heart muscle

Question 55

myos/o

Answer 55

muscle

Question 56

plant/o

Answer 56

sole of the foot

Question 57

rhabdomy/o

Answer 57

skeletal (striated) muscle connected to the bones

Question 58

sarc/o

Answer 58

muscle and flesh

Question 59

-asthenia

Answer 59

lack of strength

Question 60

muscular dystrophy

Answer 60

group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

Question 61

polymyositis

Answer 61

chronic inflammatory myopathy

Question 62

antinuclear antibody test (ANA)

Answer 62

Detects an antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases

Question 63

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 63

measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

Question 64

rheumatoid factor test (RF)

Answer 64

serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Question 65

serum calcium

Answer 65

measurement of calcium level in serum

Question 66

serum creatine kinase (CK)

Answer 66

measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum

Question 67

uric acid test

Answer 67

measurement if uric acid in serum

Question 68

arthrocentesis

Answer 68

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

Question 69

bone scan

Answer 69

uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in done

Question 70

diskography

Answer 70

x-ray examination of cervical and lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disk

Question 71

ewing sarcoma

Answer 71

rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children