chapter 18

Question 1

T3 (triiodothyronine)

Answer 1

increases metabolism

Question 2

T4 (thyroxine)

Answer 2

increases metabolism

Question 3

calcitonin

Answer 3

decreases blood calcium

Question 4

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 4

increases blood calcium

Question 5

cortisol (glucocorticoid)

Answer 5

increases blood sugar

Question 6

aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)

Answer 6

increases reabsorption of sodium

Question 7

androgens, estrogens (sex hormones)

Answer 7

secondary sex characteristics

Question 8

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 8

sympathomimetic; secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rat and blood pressure.

Question 9

norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Answer 9

sympathomimetic

Question 10

insulin

Answer 10

decreases blood sugar (glucose to glycogen)

Question 11

glucagon

Answer 11

increases blood sugar (glycogen to glucose)

Question 12

growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)

Answer 12

increases bone and tissue growth

Question 13

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 13

Stimulates thyroid gland and thyroxine secretion

Question 14

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 14

stimulates adrenal cortex, especially cortisol secretion

Question 15

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 15

oogenesis and spermatogenesis

Question 16

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 16

promotes ovulation; testosterone secretion

Question 17

prolactin (PRL)

Answer 17

promotes growth of breast tissue and milk secretion

Question 18

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)

Answer 18

stimulates reabsorption of water by kidney tubules

Question 19

oxytocin

Answer 19

stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth

Question 20

estrogens

Answer 20

promotes development of ova and female secondary sex characteristics

Question 21

progesterone

Answer 21

prepares and maintains the uterus in pregnancy

Question 22

testosterone

Answer 22

promotes development of sperm and male secondary sex characteristics.

Question 23

thyroid gland hormones

Answer 23

thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin

Question 24

adrenal gland hormones

Answer 24

cortex (cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, estrogens) and Medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Question 25

pancreas hormones (Islet cells)

Answer 25

insulin and glucagon

Question 26

pituitary gland hormones

Answer 26

anterior lobe (growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone), and prolactin) and posterior (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin)

Question 27

ovaries hormones

Answer 27

estrogen and progesterone

Question 28

testes hormones

Answer 28

testosterone

Question 29

adrenal cortex

Answer 29

outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

Question 30

adrenal medulla

Answer 30

inner section (medullla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 31

ovaries

Answer 31

located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

Question 32

pancreas

Answer 32

located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (Islet of Langerhans) secrete hormones from the pancreas. The pancreas also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct, into the small intestine to aid digestion.

Question 33

parathyroid glands

Answer 33

four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some people may have three or five parathyroid glands.

Question 34

pituitary glands (hypophysis)

Answer 34

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (denohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis).

Question 35

testes

Answer 35

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion.

Question 36

thyroid gland

Answer 36

located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

Question 37

estradiol

Answer 37

estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries

Question 38

parathormone (PTH)

Answer 38

secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

Question 39

somatotropin (STH)

Answer 39

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); growth hormone

Question 40

catecholamines

Answer 40

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine

Question 41

corticosteroids

Answer 41

hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones)

Question 42

electrolyte

Answer 42

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes

Question 43

glucocorticoid

Answer 43

steroid hormone secreted the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is a part of the stress response.

Question 44

homeostasis

Answer 44

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.

Question 45

hormone

Answer 45

substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the stricture or function of that organ or gland.

Question 46

hypothalamus

Answer 46

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland.