chapter 18 Flashcards
T3 (triiodothyronine)
increases metabolism
T4 (thyroxine)
increases metabolism
calcitonin
decreases blood calcium
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
increases blood calcium
cortisol (glucocorticoid)
increases blood sugar
aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)
increases reabsorption of sodium
androgens, estrogens (sex hormones)
secondary sex characteristics
epinephrine (adrenaline)
sympathomimetic; secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rat and blood pressure.
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
sympathomimetic
insulin
decreases blood sugar (glucose to glycogen)
glucagon
increases blood sugar (glycogen to glucose)
growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)
increases bone and tissue growth
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stimulates thyroid gland and thyroxine secretion
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulates adrenal cortex, especially cortisol secretion
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
oogenesis and spermatogenesis
luteinizing hormone (LH)
promotes ovulation; testosterone secretion
prolactin (PRL)
promotes growth of breast tissue and milk secretion
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)
stimulates reabsorption of water by kidney tubules
oxytocin
stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth
estrogens
promotes development of ova and female secondary sex characteristics
progesterone
prepares and maintains the uterus in pregnancy
testosterone
promotes development of sperm and male secondary sex characteristics.
thyroid gland hormones
thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin
adrenal gland hormones
cortex (cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, estrogens) and Medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
pancreas hormones (Islet cells)
insulin and glucagon
pituitary gland hormones
anterior lobe (growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone), and prolactin) and posterior (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin)
ovaries hormones
estrogen and progesterone
testes hormones
testosterone
adrenal cortex
outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
adrenal medulla
inner section (medullla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
ovaries
located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion
pancreas
located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (Islet of Langerhans) secrete hormones from the pancreas. The pancreas also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct, into the small intestine to aid digestion.
parathyroid glands
four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some people may have three or five parathyroid glands.
pituitary glands (hypophysis)
located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (denohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis).
testes
two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion.
thyroid gland
located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin
estradiol
estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries
parathormone (PTH)
secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium
somatotropin (STH)
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); growth hormone
catecholamines
hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine
corticosteroids
hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones)
electrolyte
mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes
glucocorticoid
steroid hormone secreted the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is a part of the stress response.
homeostasis
tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.
hormone
substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the stricture or function of that organ or gland.
hypothalamus
region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland.
