Chapter 11 Flashcards
1
Q
aort/o
A
aorta
2
Q
arter/o, arteri/o
A
artery
3
Q
ather/o
A
yellowish plaque
4
Q
atri/o
A
atrium
5
Q
brachi/o
A
arm
6
Q
cardi/o, coron/o
A
heart
7
Q
electro/o
A
electricity
8
Q
my/o
A
muscle
9
Q
pericardi/o
A
pericardium
10
Q
phleb/o, ven/i, ven/o
A
vein
11
Q
rhythm/o
A
rhythm
12
Q
scler/o
A
hard
13
Q
sphygm/o
A
pulse
14
Q
steth/o
A
chest
15
Q
thromb/o
A
blood clot
16
Q
valv/o, valvul/o
A
valve
17
Q
varic/o
A
varicose vein
18
Q
ventricul/o
A
ventricle
19
Q
brady-
A
slow
20
Q
de-
A
lack of; down; less
21
Q
endo-
A
in, within
22
Q
epi-
A
on; above; upon
23
Q
inter-
A
between
24
Q
intra-
A
within
25
peri-
around, surrounding
26
tachy-
rapid, fast
27
trans-
across, through
28
tri-
three
29
-al, -ar, -art, -ic
pertaining to
30
-ectasia
dilation, widening
31
-gram
record
32
-graph
instrument of recording
33
-graphy
process of recording
34
-icle, -ole, -ule
small
35
-ium
tissue, structure
36
-lytic
breakdown, separation
37
-stenosis
stricture, tightening
38
constriction
the process of narrowing or tightening of a structure
39
cyanotic
pertaining to a blue or purple discoloration due to deoxygenated blood
40
deoxygenation
process of removing or having a lack of oxygen
41
ischemic
pertaining to a lack of blood flow
42
oxygenation
process of adding oxygen
43
patent
open or exposed
44
precordial
pertaining to the anterior left chest
45
sphygmic
pertaining to the pulse
46
stenotic
pertaining to the condition of narrowing
47
supraventricular
pertaining to above the ventricles
48
thrombotic
pertaining to a thrombus or blood clot
49
vasodilation
increase in the diameter of a blood vessel
50
vasoconstriction
decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel
51
tricuspid valve
right atrioventricular valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
52
mitral/ bicuspid valve
left atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
53
diastole
relaxation; ventricle walls relax; blood fills up the heart
54
systole
contraction; wall pf the right and left ventricle contract to pump blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta
55
lubb
closure of tricuspid and mitral valve at the beginning of systole
56
dubb
closure of aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of diastole
57
electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
composite of all action potentials generated by nodal and contractile cells at given time.
58
P wave
depolarization SA node to atria
59
QRS complex
ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
60
T wave
ventricular repolarization
61
p-r interval
beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation
62
s-t interval
entire ventricular myocardium depolarized
63
q-t interval
beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization
64
heart murmurs
abnormal heart sounds; usually indicate incompetent or stenotic valve
65
flutter
rapid, but regular contractions, usually in the atria. Symptomatic of heart disease
66
fibrillation
very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (>350 beats per min)
67
congenital heart disease septal defects
small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles
68
acute coronary syndrome
chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia ( unstable angina and myocardial infarction)
69
atherosclerosis
buildup of plaque or fatty paste inside arterial walls
70
angina pectoris
chest pain or pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium
71
angiostenosis
narrowing of a blood vessel
72
aortic stenosis
narrowing of the aortic valve opening
73
arteriosclerosis, arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)
hardening or loss of elasticity of the arteries
74
cardiac tamponade
compression of the heart due to an increase of fluid in the pericardium
75
cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
76
cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscles
77
cardiopathy
any disease of the heart
78
coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the aorta causing hypertension, ventricular strain, and ischemia
79
congestive heart failure (CHF)
inefficiency of cardiac circulation causing edema and pulmonary congestion
80
coronary artery disease (CAD)
narrowing of coronary arteries causing a decrease of blood flow or ischemia to the myocardium
81
coronary occlusion
blockage of a coronary vessel often leading to a myocardial infarction
82
embolus
vascular blockage made up of a thrombus, bacteria, air, plaque, and/or other foreign material
83
endocarditis
inflammation of the endocardium
84
hypertension
persistently elevated blood pressure
85
hypotension
blood pressure that is below normal
86
ischemia
lack of blood flow
87
myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
88
occlusion
blockage or closure
89
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardial sac around the heart.
90
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
any disorder of the arteries outside of, or peripheral to, the heart
91
plaque
fat or lipid deposit on an arterial wall
92
polyarteritis
inflammation of many arteries
93
raynaud disease, raynaud syndrome
cyanosis of the fingers or toes due to vascular constriction, usually caused by cold temperatures or emotional stress
94
rheumatic heart disease (RHD)
valvular disease resulting from rheumatic fever
95
thrombus
blood clot
96
valvulitis
inflammation of the valves of the heart
97
aneurysm
widening of an arterial wall. Usually caused by atherosclerosis and hypertension or congenital weakness in vessel wall. Common in aorta
98
deep vein thrombosis
blood clot forms in large vein. Usually in lower leg. Results in pulmonary embolism if not treated
99
varicose veins
abnormally swollen and twisted veins. Usually in leg. Caused by damaged valves. Blood collects in veins; veins become distended.
100
cardiac enzyme tests
blood tests uses to measure the cardiac enzyme levels; when such levels are increased, may indicate a myocardial infarction
101
cardiac toponin
blood test used to measure the level of a protein that is released in the blood when myocardial cells die
102
C-reactive protein (CRP)
blood test used to measure the level of inflammation in the body; may indicate conditions that lead to cardiovascular disease
103
electrolyte panel
blood test used to measure the level of sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide; used to diagnose an acid-base or pH imbalance that may cause arrhythmias, muscle damage, or death
104
lipid panal, lipid profile
blood test to measure the level of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, all of which may signal an increase risk of cardiovascular disease.
105
angioscopy
insertion of a catheter with an attached camera to visualize a structure or vessel
106
arteriography
process of recording an artery after injection of a dye
107
coronary angiography, cardiac catheterization
process of recording the heart and major vessels after injection of a dye
108
Holter monitoring
portable ECG device is worn for 24 hours to detect cardiac arrhythmias
109
stress test
exercise tolerance test to detect heart's reaction to physical exertion
110
cardioversion (defibrillation)
use of electricity to stop arrhythmias
111
endarterectomy
surgical removal of plaque from artery
112
extracorporeal circulation
blood circulates through heart-lung machine while heart is being repaired
113
phlebectomy
excision of a vein
114
stent
intravascular insertion of a hollow mesh tube designed to keep a vessel open or patent
115
angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
vessel
116
arrhythmias
abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias)
117
bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)
failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
118
flutter
rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria
119
fibrillation
very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)
120
congenital heart disease
abnormalities in the heart at birth
121
coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
narrowing coarctation) of the aorta
122
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth.
123
septal defects
small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects)
124
tetralogy of Fallot
congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects
125
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
126
coronary artery disease (CAD)
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
