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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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2
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

artery

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3
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish plaque

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4
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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5
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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6
Q

cardi/o, coron/o

A

heart

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7
Q

electro/o

A

electricity

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8
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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9
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

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10
Q

phleb/o, ven/i, ven/o

A

vein

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11
Q

rhythm/o

A

rhythm

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12
Q

scler/o

A

hard

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13
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

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14
Q

steth/o

A

chest

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15
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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16
Q

valv/o, valvul/o

A

valve

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17
Q

varic/o

A

varicose vein

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18
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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19
Q

brady-

A

slow

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20
Q

de-

A

lack of; down; less

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21
Q

endo-

A

in, within

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22
Q

epi-

A

on; above; upon

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23
Q

inter-

A

between

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24
Q

intra-

A

within

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25
Q

peri-

A

around, surrounding

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26
Q

tachy-

A

rapid, fast

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27
Q

trans-

A

across, through

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28
Q

tri-

A

three

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29
Q

-al, -ar, -art, -ic

A

pertaining to

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30
Q

-ectasia

A

dilation, widening

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31
Q

-gram

A

record

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32
Q

-graph

A

instrument of recording

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33
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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34
Q

-icle, -ole, -ule

A

small

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35
Q

-ium

A

tissue, structure

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36
Q

-lytic

A

breakdown, separation

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37
Q

-stenosis

A

stricture, tightening

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38
Q

constriction

A

the process of narrowing or tightening of a structure

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39
Q

cyanotic

A

pertaining to a blue or purple discoloration due to deoxygenated blood

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40
Q

deoxygenation

A

process of removing or having a lack of oxygen

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41
Q

ischemic

A

pertaining to a lack of blood flow

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42
Q

oxygenation

A

process of adding oxygen

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43
Q

patent

A

open or exposed

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44
Q

precordial

A

pertaining to the anterior left chest

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45
Q

sphygmic

A

pertaining to the pulse

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46
Q

stenotic

A

pertaining to the condition of narrowing

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47
Q

supraventricular

A

pertaining to above the ventricles

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48
Q

thrombotic

A

pertaining to a thrombus or blood clot

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49
Q

vasodilation

A

increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

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50
Q

vasoconstriction

A

decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel

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51
Q

tricuspid valve

A

right atrioventricular valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

52
Q

mitral/ bicuspid valve

A

left atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

53
Q

diastole

A

relaxation; ventricle walls relax; blood fills up the heart

54
Q

systole

A

contraction; wall pf the right and left ventricle contract to pump blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta

55
Q

lubb

A

closure of tricuspid and mitral valve at the beginning of systole

56
Q

dubb

A

closure of aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of diastole

57
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

A

composite of all action potentials generated by nodal and contractile cells at given time.

58
Q

P wave

A

depolarization SA node to atria

59
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

60
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

61
Q

p-r interval

A

beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation

62
Q

s-t interval

A

entire ventricular myocardium depolarized

63
Q

q-t interval

A

beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization

64
Q

heart murmurs

A

abnormal heart sounds; usually indicate incompetent or stenotic valve

65
Q

flutter

A

rapid, but regular contractions, usually in the atria. Symptomatic of heart disease

66
Q

fibrillation

A

very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (>350 beats per min)

67
Q

congenital heart disease septal defects

A

small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles

68
Q

acute coronary syndrome

A

chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia ( unstable angina and myocardial infarction)

69
Q

atherosclerosis

A

buildup of plaque or fatty paste inside arterial walls

70
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain or pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium

71
Q

angiostenosis

A

narrowing of a blood vessel

72
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the aortic valve opening

73
Q

arteriosclerosis, arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)

A

hardening or loss of elasticity of the arteries

74
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

compression of the heart due to an increase of fluid in the pericardium

75
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

76
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscles

77
Q

cardiopathy

A

any disease of the heart

78
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta causing hypertension, ventricular strain, and ischemia

79
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

inefficiency of cardiac circulation causing edema and pulmonary congestion

80
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

narrowing of coronary arteries causing a decrease of blood flow or ischemia to the myocardium

81
Q

coronary occlusion

A

blockage of a coronary vessel often leading to a myocardial infarction

82
Q

embolus

A

vascular blockage made up of a thrombus, bacteria, air, plaque, and/or other foreign material

83
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the endocardium

84
Q

hypertension

A

persistently elevated blood pressure

85
Q

hypotension

A

blood pressure that is below normal

86
Q

ischemia

A

lack of blood flow

87
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

88
Q

occlusion

A

blockage or closure

89
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardial sac around the heart.

90
Q

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

A

any disorder of the arteries outside of, or peripheral to, the heart

91
Q

plaque

A

fat or lipid deposit on an arterial wall

92
Q

polyarteritis

A

inflammation of many arteries

93
Q

raynaud disease, raynaud syndrome

A

cyanosis of the fingers or toes due to vascular constriction, usually caused by cold temperatures or emotional stress

94
Q

rheumatic heart disease (RHD)

A

valvular disease resulting from rheumatic fever

95
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

96
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of the valves of the heart

97
Q

aneurysm

A

widening of an arterial wall. Usually caused by atherosclerosis and hypertension or congenital weakness in vessel wall. Common in aorta

98
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

blood clot forms in large vein. Usually in lower leg. Results in pulmonary embolism if not treated

99
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen and twisted veins. Usually in leg. Caused by damaged valves. Blood collects in veins; veins become distended.

100
Q

cardiac enzyme tests

A

blood tests uses to measure the cardiac enzyme levels; when such levels are increased, may indicate a myocardial infarction

101
Q

cardiac toponin

A

blood test used to measure the level of a protein that is released in the blood when myocardial cells die

102
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

blood test used to measure the level of inflammation in the body; may indicate conditions that lead to cardiovascular disease

103
Q

electrolyte panel

A

blood test used to measure the level of sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide; used to diagnose an acid-base or pH imbalance that may cause arrhythmias, muscle damage, or death

104
Q

lipid panal, lipid profile

A

blood test to measure the level of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, all of which may signal an increase risk of cardiovascular disease.

105
Q

angioscopy

A

insertion of a catheter with an attached camera to visualize a structure or vessel

106
Q

arteriography

A

process of recording an artery after injection of a dye

107
Q

coronary angiography, cardiac catheterization

A

process of recording the heart and major vessels after injection of a dye

108
Q

Holter monitoring

A

portable ECG device is worn for 24 hours to detect cardiac arrhythmias

109
Q

stress test

A

exercise tolerance test to detect heart’s reaction to physical exertion

110
Q

cardioversion (defibrillation)

A

use of electricity to stop arrhythmias

111
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque from artery

112
Q

extracorporeal circulation

A

blood circulates through heart-lung machine while heart is being repaired

113
Q

phlebectomy

A

excision of a vein

114
Q

stent

A

intravascular insertion of a hollow mesh tube designed to keep a vessel open or patent

115
Q

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

A

vessel

116
Q

arrhythmias

A

abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias)

117
Q

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

A

failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

118
Q

flutter

A

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

119
Q

fibrillation

A

very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)

120
Q

congenital heart disease

A

abnormalities in the heart at birth

121
Q

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

A

narrowing coarctation) of the aorta

122
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth.

123
Q

septal defects

A

small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects)

124
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects

125
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

126
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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