Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

axillary nodes

A

lymph nodes in the armpit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

B cell (B lymphocytes)

A

Lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies. The B refers to the bursa of Fabricius, an organ in birds in which B cell differentiation and growth were first noted to occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells (cytotoxic, helper T and suppressor) that respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adapted immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cervical nodes

A

lymph nodes in the neck region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

complement system

A

proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cytokines

A

proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction. Examples are interferons and interleukins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cytotoxic T crll

A

lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called CD8-positive T cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dendritic cell

A

antigen-presenting cell. Shows T and B cells what to attack.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

helper T cell

A

lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells. Also called CD4-positive T cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

humoral immunity

A

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

immunity

A

Body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs. This includes immunity and adaptive immunity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibodies secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

immunotherapy

A

use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inguinal nodes

A

lymph nodes in the groin region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

interferons

A

proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

interleukins

A

proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lymph

A

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collect from tissues throughout the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lymph capillaries

A

tiniest lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lymph node

A

collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lymph vessel

A

Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

macrophage

A

large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mediastinal nodes

A

lymph nodes in that area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

mesenteric nodes

A

lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

functions of the spleen

A

Destruction of old erythrocytes by macrophages
Filtration of microorganisms and other foreign material from the blood
Activation of lymphocytes
Storage of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

monoclonal antibody

A

antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

natural immunity

A

protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. It is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

paraaortic nodes

A

lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

plasma cell

A

lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. It matures from B lymphocytes

31
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

lymphatic vessels in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body, Ig empties lymph into large vein in the neck

32
Q

spleen

A

organ in the upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out ref blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood

33
Q

suppressor T cell

A

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)

34
Q

T cell ( T lymphocyte)

A

Lymphocyte that acts directly ok antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and Interleukins that are toxic yo antigens

35
Q

tolerance

A

the ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body.

36
Q

thoracic duct

A

large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body (head, neck, arm, and chest). It empties lymph into large veins in the neck

37
Q

thymus gland

A

lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response.

38
Q

tonsils

A

masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

39
Q

toxin

A

poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants.

40
Q

vaccination

A

exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that posses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection.

41
Q

vaccine

A

weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins m, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease

42
Q

immun/o

A

protection

43
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

44
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node (gland)

45
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

46
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

47
Q

tox/o

A

poison

48
Q

ana-

A

again, anew

49
Q

inter-

A

between

50
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

A

an immunodeficiency disorder presented at birth. Affected infants are born with a deficiency of B cells and T cells, resulting in a lack of immunity

51
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems

52
Q

all/o

A

other

53
Q

allergy

A

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen.

54
Q

lymphoma

A

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

55
Q

hodgkin disease

A

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes

56
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant tumor of bone marrow

57
Q

thymoma

A

malignant tumor of the thymus gland

58
Q

allergen

A

substance capable if causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen

59
Q

anaphylaxis

A

exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance.

60
Q

atopy

A

hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition.

61
Q

CD4 + cells

A

Helper T cell that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4 and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein. AIDS patients have an inadequate number of CD4+ cells.

62
Q

HIV

A

virus (retrovirus) that cause AIDS

63
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules.

64
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphomas

A

group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue.

65
Q

opportunistic infections

A

infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body’s resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained

66
Q

protease inhibitor

A

Drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV

67
Q

reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI)

A

drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV.

68
Q

wasting syndrome

A

weight loss, disease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS

69
Q

CD4+ cell count

A

measures the number of CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS

70
Q

ELISA

A

screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream

71
Q

immunoelectrophoresis

A

test that separates immunoglobulins

72
Q

viral load count

A

measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream

73
Q

computed tomography (CT) scan

A

x-rat imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions