Chapter 2 Flashcards
1
Q
-iac
A
Pertaining to
2
Q
-ior
A
Pertaining to
3
Q
-ose
A
Pertaining to, full of
4
Q
-plasm
A
Formation
5
Q
-somas
A
Bodies
6
Q
-type
A
Picture, classification
7
Q
Ana-
A
Up
8
Q
Cata-
A
Down
9
Q
Inter-
A
Between
10
Q
Meta-
A
Change
11
Q
Abdomin/o
A
Abdomen
12
Q
Adip/o
A
Fat
13
Q
Anter/o
A
Front
14
Q
Bol/o
A
To cast (throw)
15
Q
Cervic/o
A
Neck (of body or of uterus)
16
Q
Chondr/o
A
Cartilage
17
Q
Chrom/o
A
Color
18
Q
-eal
A
Pertaining to
19
Q
Coccyg/o
A
Coccyx (tailbone)
20
Q
Crani/o
A
Skull
21
Q
dist/o
A
far, distant
22
Q
dors/o
A
back portion of the body
23
Q
hist/o
A
tissue
24
Q
inguin/o
A
groin
25
kary/o
nucleus
26
later/o
side
27
lumb/o
lower back side (between ribs and pelvis)
28
medi/o
middle
29
nucle/o
nucleus
30
pelvi/o
pelvis
31
poster/o
back, behind
32
proxim/o
nearest
33
sacr/o
sacrum
34
spin/o
spine, backbone
35
thel/o
nipple
36
thorac/o
chest
37
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
38
umbilic/o
navel, unbilicus
39
ventr/o
belly side of the body
40
vertebr/o
vertebra, backbone
41
viscer/o
internal organs
42
cell membrane
not only surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell
43
nucleus
controls the operations of the cell. It directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell
44
Chromosomes
rod-like structures within the nucleus. All human body cells except for the sex cells, the egg and sperm, contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
45
karyotype
a photograph of ab individual's chromosome, arranged by size, shape, and number
46
cytoplasm
includes all of the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane. It carries on the work of the cell. It contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell.
47
mitochondria
small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell. They use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in food
48
catabolism
complex foods such as sugar and fat are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria
49
Endoplasmic Reticulum
a network (reticulum) of canals within the cell. These canals are cellular tunnel systems that manufacture proteins for the cell
50
ribosomes
Attach to the endoplasmic reticulum and build long chains of proteins.
51
Anabolism
occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. It is the process of building large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids
52
Metabolism
the total of the chemical processes occurring in a cell. Anabolism and catabolism make up the cells metabolism
53
DNA
chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell
54
genes
regions of DNA within each chromosome
55
muscle cell
is long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
56
epithelial cell
(a lining and skin cell) may be square and flat to provide protection
57
nerve cell
may be long and have various fibrous extension that aid in its job of carrying impulses
58
fat cell
contains large, empty spaces for fat storage
59
hist/o
tissue
60
tissue
a tissue is a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job
61
histologist
a scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
62
epithelial tissue
located all over the body, forms the linings of internal organs, and the outer surface of the skin covering the body. It also lines exocrine and endocrine glands
63
thel/o
nipple
64
muscle tissue
voluntary muscle is found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control. Involuntary muscle, found in the heart and digestive system, as well as other organs, allows movement that is not under conscious control. Cardiac muscle is a specialized type of muscle found only in the heart.
65
connective tissue
adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage( elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bones), bone, and blood.
66
Nerve tissue
conducts impulses all over the body.
67
Organs
Different types of tissue combine to form an organ
68
viscera
the medical term for internal organs. Singular: viscus
69
systems
groups of organs working together to perform complex functions.
70
digestive system
mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
71
urinary or excretory
Kidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body)
72
respiratory system
nose, pharynx, larynx ("voice box"), trachea ("windpipe"), bronchial tubes, lungs ( where the exchange of gases takes place)
73
Female reproductive system
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands
74
male reproductive system
Testes and associated tubes, urethra m, penis, prostate gland
75
endocrine system
thyroid gland ( in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid gland
76
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves
77
circulatory system
heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland.
78
musculoskeletal system
muscles, bones, and joints
79
skin and sense
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue
80
cartilage
flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For example, its surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose
81
cranial cavity
brain, pituitary gland
82
thoracic cavity
lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta. Divided into the pleural cavity and mediastinum
83
pleural cavity
space between the folds of the pleura surrounding each lung. The pleura is a double-folded membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them. If the pleura is inflamed, it may be filled with fluid.
84
mediastinum
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs. It contains he heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes.
85
abdominal cavity
contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder.
86
Peritoneum
the double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
87
diaphragm
a muscular wall that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities
88
pelvic cavity
portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female.
89
spinal cavity
nerves of the spinal cord
90
dorsal body cavity
the cranial and spinal cavities
91
ventral body cavities
the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
92
abdominopelvic cavity
refers to the abdominal and pelvic cavities which are not separated.
93
retroperitoneal area
behind the peritoneum where the kidneys are located
94
omentum
part of the peritoneum in the front of the abdomen. it contains fat and hangs down loosely like an apron over the intestines to keep them warm.
95
hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic
right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
96
epigastric region of the abdominopelvic
middle upper region above the stomach
97
lumbar region of the abdominopelvic
right and left middle regions near the waist
98
umbilical region of the abdominopelvic
central region near the navel
99
inguinal region of the abdominopelvic
right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called iliac regions
100
hypogastric region of the abdominopelvic
middle lower region below the umbilical region
