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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-iac

A

Pertaining to

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2
Q

-ior

A

Pertaining to

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3
Q

-ose

A

Pertaining to, full of

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4
Q

-plasm

A

Formation

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5
Q

-somas

A

Bodies

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6
Q

-type

A

Picture, classification

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7
Q

Ana-

A

Up

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8
Q

Cata-

A

Down

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9
Q

Inter-

A

Between

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10
Q

Meta-

A

Change

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11
Q

Abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

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12
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

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13
Q

Anter/o

A

Front

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14
Q

Bol/o

A

To cast (throw)

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15
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck (of body or of uterus)

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16
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

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17
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

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18
Q

-eal

A

Pertaining to

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19
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx (tailbone)

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20
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

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21
Q

dist/o

A

far, distant

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22
Q

dors/o

A

back portion of the body

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23
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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24
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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25
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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26
Q

later/o

A

side

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27
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back side (between ribs and pelvis)

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28
Q

medi/o

A

middle

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29
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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30
Q

pelvi/o

A

pelvis

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31
Q

poster/o

A

back, behind

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32
Q

proxim/o

A

nearest

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33
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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34
Q

spin/o

A

spine, backbone

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35
Q

thel/o

A

nipple

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36
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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37
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

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38
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel, unbilicus

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39
Q

ventr/o

A

belly side of the body

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40
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra, backbone

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41
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

42
Q

cell membrane

A

not only surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell

43
Q

nucleus

A

controls the operations of the cell. It directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell

44
Q

Chromosomes

A

rod-like structures within the nucleus. All human body cells except for the sex cells, the egg and sperm, contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.

45
Q

karyotype

A

a photograph of ab individual’s chromosome, arranged by size, shape, and number

46
Q

cytoplasm

A

includes all of the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane. It carries on the work of the cell. It contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell.

47
Q

mitochondria

A

small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell. They use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in food

48
Q

catabolism

A

complex foods such as sugar and fat are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria

49
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

a network (reticulum) of canals within the cell. These canals are cellular tunnel systems that manufacture proteins for the cell

50
Q

ribosomes

A

Attach to the endoplasmic reticulum and build long chains of proteins.

51
Q

Anabolism

A

occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. It is the process of building large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

52
Q

Metabolism

A

the total of the chemical processes occurring in a cell. Anabolism and catabolism make up the cells metabolism

53
Q

DNA

A

chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

54
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome

55
Q

muscle cell

A

is long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing

56
Q

epithelial cell

A

(a lining and skin cell) may be square and flat to provide protection

57
Q

nerve cell

A

may be long and have various fibrous extension that aid in its job of carrying impulses

58
Q

fat cell

A

contains large, empty spaces for fat storage

59
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

60
Q

tissue

A

a tissue is a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job

61
Q

histologist

A

a scientist who specializes in the study of tissues

62
Q

epithelial tissue

A

located all over the body, forms the linings of internal organs, and the outer surface of the skin covering the body. It also lines exocrine and endocrine glands

63
Q

thel/o

A

nipple

64
Q

muscle tissue

A

voluntary muscle is found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control. Involuntary muscle, found in the heart and digestive system, as well as other organs, allows movement that is not under conscious control. Cardiac muscle is a specialized type of muscle found only in the heart.

65
Q

connective tissue

A

adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage( elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bones), bone, and blood.

66
Q

Nerve tissue

A

conducts impulses all over the body.

67
Q

Organs

A

Different types of tissue combine to form an organ

68
Q

viscera

A

the medical term for internal organs. Singular: viscus

69
Q

systems

A

groups of organs working together to perform complex functions.

70
Q

digestive system

A

mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

71
Q

urinary or excretory

A

Kidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body)

72
Q

respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx (“voice box”), trachea (“windpipe”), bronchial tubes, lungs ( where the exchange of gases takes place)

73
Q

Female reproductive system

A

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands

74
Q

male reproductive system

A

Testes and associated tubes, urethra m, penis, prostate gland

75
Q

endocrine system

A

thyroid gland ( in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid gland

76
Q

nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves

77
Q

circulatory system

A

heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland.

78
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

muscles, bones, and joints

79
Q

skin and sense

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue

80
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For example, its surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose

81
Q

cranial cavity

A

brain, pituitary gland

82
Q

thoracic cavity

A

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta. Divided into the pleural cavity and mediastinum

83
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the folds of the pleura surrounding each lung. The pleura is a double-folded membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them. If the pleura is inflamed, it may be filled with fluid.

84
Q

mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs. It contains he heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes.

85
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder.

86
Q

Peritoneum

A

the double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

87
Q

diaphragm

A

a muscular wall that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities

88
Q

pelvic cavity

A

portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female.

89
Q

spinal cavity

A

nerves of the spinal cord

90
Q

dorsal body cavity

A

the cranial and spinal cavities

91
Q

ventral body cavities

A

the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

92
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

refers to the abdominal and pelvic cavities which are not separated.

93
Q

retroperitoneal area

A

behind the peritoneum where the kidneys are located

94
Q

omentum

A

part of the peritoneum in the front of the abdomen. it contains fat and hangs down loosely like an apron over the intestines to keep them warm.

95
Q

hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic

A

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

96
Q

epigastric region of the abdominopelvic

A

middle upper region above the stomach

97
Q

lumbar region of the abdominopelvic

A

right and left middle regions near the waist

98
Q

umbilical region of the abdominopelvic

A

central region near the navel

99
Q

inguinal region of the abdominopelvic

A

right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called iliac regions

100
Q

hypogastric region of the abdominopelvic

A

middle lower region below the umbilical region

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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