Chapter 2 Flashcards
-iac
Pertaining to
-ior
Pertaining to
-ose
Pertaining to, full of
-plasm
Formation
-somas
Bodies
-type
Picture, classification
Ana-
Up
Cata-
Down
Inter-
Between
Meta-
Change
Abdomin/o
Abdomen
Adip/o
Fat
Anter/o
Front
Bol/o
To cast (throw)
Cervic/o
Neck (of body or of uterus)
Chondr/o
Cartilage
Chrom/o
Color
-eal
Pertaining to
Coccyg/o
Coccyx (tailbone)
Crani/o
Skull
dist/o
far, distant
dors/o
back portion of the body
hist/o
tissue
inguin/o
groin
kary/o
nucleus
later/o
side
lumb/o
lower back side (between ribs and pelvis)
medi/o
middle
nucle/o
nucleus
pelvi/o
pelvis
poster/o
back, behind
proxim/o
nearest
sacr/o
sacrum
spin/o
spine, backbone
thel/o
nipple
thorac/o
chest
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
umbilic/o
navel, unbilicus
ventr/o
belly side of the body
vertebr/o
vertebra, backbone
viscer/o
internal organs
cell membrane
not only surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell
nucleus
controls the operations of the cell. It directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell
Chromosomes
rod-like structures within the nucleus. All human body cells except for the sex cells, the egg and sperm, contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
karyotype
a photograph of ab individual’s chromosome, arranged by size, shape, and number
cytoplasm
includes all of the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane. It carries on the work of the cell. It contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell.
mitochondria
small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell. They use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in food
catabolism
complex foods such as sugar and fat are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
a network (reticulum) of canals within the cell. These canals are cellular tunnel systems that manufacture proteins for the cell
ribosomes
Attach to the endoplasmic reticulum and build long chains of proteins.
Anabolism
occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. It is the process of building large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids
Metabolism
the total of the chemical processes occurring in a cell. Anabolism and catabolism make up the cells metabolism
DNA
chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell
genes
regions of DNA within each chromosome
muscle cell
is long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
epithelial cell
(a lining and skin cell) may be square and flat to provide protection
nerve cell
may be long and have various fibrous extension that aid in its job of carrying impulses
fat cell
contains large, empty spaces for fat storage
hist/o
tissue
tissue
a tissue is a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job
histologist
a scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
epithelial tissue
located all over the body, forms the linings of internal organs, and the outer surface of the skin covering the body. It also lines exocrine and endocrine glands
thel/o
nipple
muscle tissue
voluntary muscle is found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control. Involuntary muscle, found in the heart and digestive system, as well as other organs, allows movement that is not under conscious control. Cardiac muscle is a specialized type of muscle found only in the heart.
connective tissue
adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage( elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bones), bone, and blood.
Nerve tissue
conducts impulses all over the body.
Organs
Different types of tissue combine to form an organ
viscera
the medical term for internal organs. Singular: viscus
systems
groups of organs working together to perform complex functions.
digestive system
mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
urinary or excretory
Kidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body)
respiratory system
nose, pharynx, larynx (“voice box”), trachea (“windpipe”), bronchial tubes, lungs ( where the exchange of gases takes place)
Female reproductive system
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands
male reproductive system
Testes and associated tubes, urethra m, penis, prostate gland
endocrine system
thyroid gland ( in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid gland
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves
circulatory system
heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland.
musculoskeletal system
muscles, bones, and joints
skin and sense
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue
cartilage
flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For example, its surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose
cranial cavity
brain, pituitary gland
thoracic cavity
lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta. Divided into the pleural cavity and mediastinum
pleural cavity
space between the folds of the pleura surrounding each lung. The pleura is a double-folded membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them. If the pleura is inflamed, it may be filled with fluid.
mediastinum
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs. It contains he heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes.
abdominal cavity
contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder.
Peritoneum
the double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
diaphragm
a muscular wall that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities
pelvic cavity
portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female.
spinal cavity
nerves of the spinal cord
dorsal body cavity
the cranial and spinal cavities
ventral body cavities
the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
abdominopelvic cavity
refers to the abdominal and pelvic cavities which are not separated.
retroperitoneal area
behind the peritoneum where the kidneys are located
omentum
part of the peritoneum in the front of the abdomen. it contains fat and hangs down loosely like an apron over the intestines to keep them warm.
hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic
right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
epigastric region of the abdominopelvic
middle upper region above the stomach
lumbar region of the abdominopelvic
right and left middle regions near the waist
umbilical region of the abdominopelvic
central region near the navel
inguinal region of the abdominopelvic
right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called iliac regions
hypogastric region of the abdominopelvic
middle lower region below the umbilical region
