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CPT > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

If someone specifically wanted to burn a lot of fat (not necessarily total calories), what type of exercise should they do?

A

Low- to moderate-intensity exercise for 30 to 60 minutes

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2
Q

A client plans to go for a 10-mile run, but they become fatigued after 7 miles, so they stop. What is the most likely cause of this fatigue?

A

Glycogen stores were exhausted.

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3
Q

What is the process called that prepares fatty acid substrates to enter the citric acid cycle?

A

Beta-oxidation

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4
Q

Which of the following is a limiting factor for how long anaerobic glycolysis can proceed?

A

Free hydrogen ions

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5
Q

Low-intensity activity burns a higher proportion of fat as fuel, but if someone wanted to burn the most total calories from any substrate, which of the following activities would be most effective?

A

20 minutes of moderate-intensity activity

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6
Q

When ADP is converted to ATP, what is this process called?

A

Phosphorylation

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7
Q

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

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8
Q

What are the building blocks of body proteins?

A

Amino acids

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9
Q

If pyruvate is being created via glycolysis faster than oxygen can be delivered to the muscle, what will happen to the pyruvate?

A

The pyruvate will be converted to lactate.

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10
Q

How many calories are in 1 pound of body fat?

A

About 3,500

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11
Q

What is the definition of energy balance?

A

When daily food intake is matched to energy needs

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12
Q

Why is nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) important?

A

NEAT can be protective against obesity.

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13
Q

What is the resting metabolic rate (RMR)?

A

RMR is the number of calories that the body uses at rest to function.

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14
Q

What is the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2)?

A

The point at which the body shifts almost entirely to using carbohydrates for fuel

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15
Q

What does the electron transport chain (ETC) do?

A

The ETC uses a hydrogen gradient to create ATP.

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16
Q

Which substrate provides nearly all the energy for activity at and above VT2?

A

Glucose

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17
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

The stored form of fat

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18
Q

What are nonessential amino acids?

A

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body if overall nutrition intake is adequate

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19
Q

What are the three pathways through which the body can produce ATP?

A

The ATP-PC system, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation

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20
Q

What two factors define any form or type of exercise?

A

Intensity and duration

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21
Q

Which of the following would make a person better at oxidizing fat?

A

Having more mitochondria in their muscle

22
Q

If someone went out for a 5-mile jog with their friend, which energy system would provide most of the ATP for this activity?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

23
Q

What is a kilocalorie (kcal)?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. It is also the same thing as 1 food calorie.

24
Q

What are the end products of the electron transport chain?

A

ATP and water

25
Q

What is the term for the higher-than-normal energy expenditure during the recovery period after exercise?

A

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption

26
Q

What breathing change occurs at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2)?

A

Expiration becomes more forceful.

27
Q

What is acidosis in muscle?

A

A decrease in pH, which can lead to feelings of fatigue

28
Q

When glucose is broken down via glycolysis, what molecule is created that could also be oxidized under aerobic conditions?

A

Pyruvate

29
Q

Which of the following would occur during intermittent exercise?

A

All three energy systems would be used at some point during the activity.

30
Q

Which of the following contributes the most to the total calories burned in a day?

A

Resting metabolic rate

31
Q

What is excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?

A

EPOC is the increase in aerobic metabolism above baseline that occurs for a period after exercise.

32
Q

Before amino acids can be used to make ATP, what process do they have to go through?

A

Gluconeogenesis

33
Q

Which of the following components of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is responsible for the most energy expenditure throughout the day?

A

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

34
Q

Which nutrient has the highest thermic effect?

A

Protein

35
Q

What are the components of ATP?

A

Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

36
Q

Which of the following would be an example of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)?

A

Cleaning the house

37
Q

What is bioenergetics?

A

The study of the ways in which food is turned into energy

38
Q

What is the name of the stored form of glucose?

A

Glycogen

39
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

Amino acids that must be consumed because they cannot be created by the body

40
Q

Which component contributes the most to total energy expenditure?

A

Resting metabolism

41
Q

Which of the following conditions would produce nutritional ketosis in the body?

A

A very low-carbohydrate diet

42
Q

When a person loses body weight, what is the only way that mass is lost?

A

As exhaled carbon dioxide

43
Q

Before carbohydrates, fat, or protein can enter the citric acid cycle (CAC), they need to be converted to what common molecule?

A

Acetyl CoA

44
Q

If someone were performing repeated sprints with each sprint lasting between 30 and 90 seconds, which energy system would be contributing the most to ATP production during this activity?

A

Glycolysis

45
Q

Food is composed of which three compounds?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

46
Q

What is the high-energy compound used by the body to do work?

A

ATP

47
Q

If someone engages in a short, intense burst of activity lasting less than 30 seconds, which energy system will contribute the most to ATP production?

A

The ATP-PC system

48
Q

Which of the following is a ketone body?

A

Acetoacetic acid

48
Q

Before amino acids can be used to make ATP, what process do they have to go through?

A

Gluconeogenesis

49
Q

What is defined as steady-state exercise?

A

Aerobic exercise performed at a constant intensity

50
Q

What is the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1)?

A

The point at which the body switches to using carbohydrates to provide at least half the fuel for exercise

CPT (23 decks)

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