Chapter 8

Question 1

If someone specifically wanted to burn a lot of fat (not necessarily total calories), what type of exercise should they do?

Answer 1

Low- to moderate-intensity exercise for 30 to 60 minutes

Question 2

A client plans to go for a 10-mile run, but they become fatigued after 7 miles, so they stop. What is the most likely cause of this fatigue?

Answer 2

Glycogen stores were exhausted.

Question 3

What is the process called that prepares fatty acid substrates to enter the citric acid cycle?

Answer 3

Beta-oxidation

Question 4

Which of the following is a limiting factor for how long anaerobic glycolysis can proceed?

Answer 4

Free hydrogen ions

Question 5

Low-intensity activity burns a higher proportion of fat as fuel, but if someone wanted to burn the most total calories from any substrate, which of the following activities would be most effective?

Answer 5

20 minutes of moderate-intensity activity

Question 6

When ADP is converted to ATP, what is this process called?

Answer 6

Phosphorylation

Question 7

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

Answer 7

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

Question 8

What are the building blocks of body proteins?

Answer 8

Amino acids

Question 9

If pyruvate is being created via glycolysis faster than oxygen can be delivered to the muscle, what will happen to the pyruvate?

Answer 9

The pyruvate will be converted to lactate.

Question 10

How many calories are in 1 pound of body fat?

Answer 10

About 3,500

Question 11

What is the definition of energy balance?

Answer 11

When daily food intake is matched to energy needs

Question 12

Why is nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) important?

Answer 12

NEAT can be protective against obesity.

Question 13

What is the resting metabolic rate (RMR)?

Answer 13

RMR is the number of calories that the body uses at rest to function.

Question 14

What is the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2)?

Answer 14

The point at which the body shifts almost entirely to using carbohydrates for fuel

Question 15

What does the electron transport chain (ETC) do?

Answer 15

The ETC uses a hydrogen gradient to create ATP.

Question 16

Which substrate provides nearly all the energy for activity at and above VT2?

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

What are triglycerides?

Answer 17

The stored form of fat

Question 18

What are nonessential amino acids?

Answer 18

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body if overall nutrition intake is adequate

Question 19

What are the three pathways through which the body can produce ATP?

Answer 19

The ATP-PC system, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

What two factors define any form or type of exercise?

Answer 20

Intensity and duration

Question 21

Which of the following would make a person better at oxidizing fat?

Answer 21

Having more mitochondria in their muscle

Question 22

If someone went out for a 5-mile jog with their friend, which energy system would provide most of the ATP for this activity?

Answer 22

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 23

What is a kilocalorie (kcal)?

Answer 23

The amount of energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. It is also the same thing as 1 food calorie.

Question 24

What are the end products of the electron transport chain?

Answer 24

ATP and water

Question 25

What is the term for the higher-than-normal energy expenditure during the recovery period after exercise?

Answer 25

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption

Question 26

What breathing change occurs at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2)?

Answer 26

Expiration becomes more forceful.

Question 27

What is acidosis in muscle?

Answer 27

A decrease in pH, which can lead to feelings of fatigue

Question 28

When glucose is broken down via glycolysis, what molecule is created that could also be oxidized under aerobic conditions?

Answer 28

Pyruvate

Question 29

Which of the following would occur during intermittent exercise?

Answer 29

All three energy systems would be used at some point during the activity.

Question 30

Which of the following contributes the most to the total calories burned in a day?

Answer 30

Resting metabolic rate

Question 31

What is excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?

Answer 31

EPOC is the increase in aerobic metabolism above baseline that occurs for a period after exercise.

Question 32

Before amino acids can be used to make ATP, what process do they have to go through?

Answer 32

Gluconeogenesis

Question 33

Which of the following components of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is responsible for the most energy expenditure throughout the day?

Answer 33

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Question 34

Which nutrient has the highest thermic effect?

Answer 34

Protein

Question 35

What are the components of ATP?

Answer 35

Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

Question 36

Which of the following would be an example of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)?

Answer 36

Cleaning the house

Question 37

What is bioenergetics?

Answer 37

The study of the ways in which food is turned into energy

Question 38

What is the name of the stored form of glucose?

Answer 38

Glycogen

Question 39

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 39

Amino acids that must be consumed because they cannot be created by the body

Question 40

Which component contributes the most to total energy expenditure?

Answer 40

Resting metabolism

Question 41

Which of the following conditions would produce nutritional ketosis in the body?

Answer 41

A very low-carbohydrate diet

Question 42

When a person loses body weight, what is the only way that mass is lost?

Answer 42

As exhaled carbon dioxide

Question 43

Before carbohydrates, fat, or protein can enter the citric acid cycle (CAC), they need to be converted to what common molecule?

Answer 43

Acetyl CoA

Question 44

If someone were performing repeated sprints with each sprint lasting between 30 and 90 seconds, which energy system would be contributing the most to ATP production during this activity?

Answer 44

Glycolysis

Question 45

Food is composed of which three compounds?

Answer 45

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Question 46

What is the high-energy compound used by the body to do work?

Answer 46

ATP

Question 47

If someone engages in a short, intense burst of activity lasting less than 30 seconds, which energy system will contribute the most to ATP production?

Answer 47

The ATP-PC system

Question 48

Which of the following is a ketone body?

Answer 48

Acetoacetic acid

Question 48

Before amino acids can be used to make ATP, what process do they have to go through?

Answer 48

Gluconeogenesis

Question 49

What is defined as steady-state exercise?

Answer 49

Aerobic exercise performed at a constant intensity

Question 50

What is the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1)?

Answer 50

The point at which the body switches to using carbohydrates to provide at least half the fuel for exercise