Chapter 17 Flashcards
Which of the following types of balance occurs when an individual seeks to maintain postural control within a stationary limit of stability but with a moving base of support?
Semi-dynamic balance
Which sense provides information to the central nervous system about where the body is in space?
Visual system
Competitive athletes who performed balance training exercises reduced the risk of which injury by 46%?
Ankle sprains
Which of the following best defines the base of support of the body?
The area beneath a person that consists of all points of contact between the body and the support surface
What is critical for personal trainers to ensure before working with a recently injured athlete?
The athlete has been cleared by a medical professional.
Which balance training exercise is part of the second stage of balance training that uses dynamic, eccentric, and concentric movement of the balance leg through a full range of motion?
Single-leg squat
Maintaining one’s balance while on a skateboard that is moving while the feet remain in a fixed position can be described as what type of balance?
Semi-dynamic balance
What is the proper lower-body progression for balance training when starting with a new client?
Two-leg stable, single-leg stable, two-leg unstable, single-leg unstable
Receptors involved with this sense are specifically responsible for determining angular accelerations of the head while bending over to pick something up off the ground.
Vestibular
Receptors involved with this sense are specifically responsible for determining foot position while standing on an unstable surface.
Somatosensation
What must be maintained when performing exercises in a proprioceptively enriched environment?
Correct technique
Asking a client to balance on an unstable surface while barefoot would challenge which system?
Somatosensory system
Which balance task would require significant use of the vestibular system?
Squatting on one limb with eyes closed
Which sense provides information about changes in pressure on the skin, muscle length, and joint angles?
Somatosensory system
Which three senses are involved in the balance system?
Visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems
Stage 3 balance exercise should include what types of motion?
Hopping motions with a single-leg stance landing
What is an example of an external factor that may influence the risk of falling in older adults?
The environment
Asking a client to stand on a BOSU ball would provide a major challenge to what system?
Somatosensory
What is the term for a postural disturbance being added to a task in order to make the task more difficult?
Perturbation
The risk of which lower-extremity injury was decreased in female basketball athletes who participated in a 5-week balance training program that improved landing movement mechanics?
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Performing a hop-training program on a firm surface would be an example of which type of balance?
Semi-dynamic balance
In order to balance, someone must maintain what point within their base of support?
Center of gravity
Asking a client to close their eyes during a balance exercise would challenge which system?
Visual system
How could the personal trainer make the “single-leg throw and catch” balance exercise more difficult for the client?
Increasing the velocity of each throw
Which of the following variations of a hop exercise would be the most difficult from a deceleration and balance standpoint?
Multiplanar single-leg box hop-down with stabilization
Which of the following types of balance occurs when an individual seeks to maintain postural control in a stationary position?
Static balance
Maintaining one’s balance while standing still on a single foot in contact with a firm surface can best be described as what type of balance?
Static balance
Which surface would be the easiest for a new client starting a balance training program?
Firm surface
Which term specifically describes motor function of muscles in the lower extremity?
Neuromuscular function
Which surface would be the most challenging for a new client starting a balance training program?
BOSU ball
If the client cannot reach their foot during a single-leg squat touchdown, which is the first modification that can be employed?
Reach to their knee
Asking a client to turn their head side to side during a balance exercise would challenge which system?
Vestibular system
Which of the following defines the limits of stability of the body?
The area within which an individual can move their center of gravity without changing the base of support
Balance exercises used for introducing balance training should initially involve little joint motion and improve what type of contractions?
Reflexive (automatic) joint-stabilization contractions
Which of the following defines the center of gravity of the body?
The approximate midpoint of the body
Which of the following has been used specifically as part of a protocol to improve balance?
Biomechanical ankle platform system
The center of gravity moves in which direction when the knees and hips are equally flexed bilaterally?
Inferiorly
What is an example of the role of the Certified Personal Trainer in working on balance training with a client?
Prescribing progressive, appropriate balance training exercises with knowledge/awareness of the client’s medical history
Which sense provides information about movement of the head in space?
Vestibular system
What is shortest time period per day that balance training should be conducted 3 times per week for 4 weeks in order to improve both static and dynamic balance ability in children?
10 minutes
What is the most important reason that a Certified Personal Trainer should make sure an older adult has been cleared by the medical provider to take part in a balance training program?
To ensure safety
The addition of balance training to a strengthening program can enhance what?
Strength
Which of the following types of balance occurs when an individual seeks to maintain the center of mass over an ever-changing limit of stability?
Dynamic balance
It is most important to improve balance in this population to decrease their fear of falling.
Older individuals
Maintaining one’s balance while running on an uneven surface can best be described as what type of balance?
Dynamic balance
Improving this using balance training would most likely decrease the risk of injury.
Injury resistance
During balance training, gluteal muscles should remain in which state to hold the body stable?
Isometrically contracted
Which term describes the act of lightly pushing on a client’s shoulders when they are balancing on one foot so they can learn to maintain or recover balance?
Perturbation
This term describes an unstable-but-controlled environment used to improve someone’s static, semi-dynamic, and dynamic balance.
Proprioceptively enriched
When balancing, the knee of the balance leg should be in line with which structure?
The toes of the leg on which the participant is balancing
