Chapter 23 Flashcards
What causes initial improvements in strength when youths engage in a resistance training program?
Neural adaptations
An obese client who has been diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD) should be advised to do which of the following?
Strive for 20 to 30 minutes of continuous aerobic exercise daily.
What BMI score is considered within normal limits?
18.5 to 24.9
Which disease is caused by a degeneration of cartilage within joints?
Osteoarthritis
A client with osteoporosis has been medically cleared to perform exercise. Which form of training can have the most impact on increasing the client’s bone mineral density?
Walking
What is the most appropriate gluteal strengthening exercise for a client with hypertension?
Standing cable hip extension
According to the text, what percentage of Americans older than the age of 20 years are either overweight or obese?
72%
What BMI score is considered overweight?
25 to 29.9
What is known as a sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or a ruptured blood vessel?
Stroke
What blood pressure is reflective of stage 1 hypertension?
A reading of 130 to 139 mm Hg systolic or 80 to 89 mm Hg diastolic
Which statement is the most accurate reflection of exercise and physical activity as it relates to pregnancy?
Exercise has beneficial effects on the physiology and health of both the mother and the developing fetus.
What is the minimum weekly goal of energy expenditure from combined physical activity and exercise for obese clients?
1,200 kcal
What is atherosclerosis?
The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow
What is the leading cause of death and disability for both men and women?
Coronary heart disease
A client is taking prescription beta-blockers for hypertension. Which exercise is the safest for him to perform?
Standing cobra
What is the primary limiting factor for exercise in the client with PAD?
Leg pain
At what BMI threshold does a person’s chance for obesity-related health problems increase?
30
Which statement is an accurate reflection of exercise and physical activity as it relates to cancer?
Self-myofascial techniques are not recommended for clients receiving chemotherapy or radiation treatments.
Which statement is an accurate reflection of exercise and physical activity as it relates to arthritis?
Cardiorespiratory training should begin at a low to moderate intensity (40 to 65% HRmax).
What is defined as the state of deficient glucose in the bloodstream?
Hypoglycemia
What disease is a condition in which fibrous lung tissue results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs?
Restrictive lung disease
What causes coronary heart disease?
Atherosclerosis
What disease is a condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction due to mucus production?
Chronic obstructive lung disease
What type of diabetes occurs when cells are resistant to insulin, meaning that the insulin present cannot transfer adequate amounts of blood sugar into the cell?
Type 2
Which disease is associated with normal aging and is attributable to a lower production of estrogen and progesterone, both of which are involved with regulating the rate at which bone is lost?
Type 1 (primary) osteoporosis
What blood pressure is reflective of a hypertensive crisis?
A systolic reading greater than 180 mm Hg and/or a diastolic reading greater than 120 mm Hg
Why are children at a disadvantage when participating in short-duration (10 to 90 second) high-intensity anaerobic activities?
Children produce less of the glycolytic enzymes that are required to support sustained anaerobic power.
What type of diabetes occurs when specialized cells in the pancreas (called beta cells) stop producing insulin?
Type 1
Clients with chronic lung disease often have shortness of breath, also known as which of the following?
Dyspnea
For effective weight loss, how many calories should obese clients expend per exercise session?
200 to 300 kcal
For which of the following populations is the floor bridge exercise contraindicated?
Clients who are in the third trimester of pregnancy
What is a joint disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissue, causing an inflammatory response?
Rheumatoid arthritis
In which population is type 1 osteoporosis most prevalent?
Postmenopausal women
What must older adults complete prior to initiating an exercise program with a Certified Personal Trainer?
PAR-Q+
What are common physical characteristics of those with emphysema?
Those with emphysema are frequently underweight and may exhibit hypertrophied neck muscles.
Which structures of the body does osteoporosis commonly affect?
Neck of the femur and the lumbar (low-back) vertebrae
What is a common cause of chronic hypertension?
Excess weight
Approximately what percentage of Americans aged 20 years and older are obese?
40%
Which resistance training system is most appropriate for hypertensive clients?
Peripheral heart action system
What are the current physical activity recommendations for youth?
60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day
What is defined as the state of elevated glucose in the bloodstream?
Hyperglycemia
What is a metabolic disorder in which the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot respond normally to the insulin that is made?
Diabetes
What is defined as a consistently elevated blood pressure?
Hypertension
What is a normal physiologic process of aging that results in arteries that are less elastic and pliable?
Arteriosclerosis
Which core exercise is most appropriate for an obese client to maximize comfort and to avoid potential hypotensive or hypertensive reactions to the exercise?
Incline plank
A hypertensive client is taking a beta-blocker medication. What is the most appropriate method to monitor exercise intensity?
The talk test
How many minutes of vigorous exercise in hot, humid environments should children be restricted to (including frequent rest periods)?
30 minutes
Which of the following is an appropriate assessment for a senior client who is sedentary?
Pushing test
Which disease is caused by specific medical conditions or medications, including alcohol abuse, smoking, specific diseases, or particular medications, that disrupt normal bone reformation?
Type 2 (secondary) osteoporosis
What is defined as shortness of breath or labored breathing?
Dyspnea
