Chapter 6 Flashcards
What effect would sleep deprivation have on growth hormone and cortisol levels?
Inadequate sleep will decrease growth hormone and increase cortisol levels.
How would age and overall health affect testosterone levels among men?
A reduction in testosterone levels occurs with age, and overall health may affect the degree of change.
What are two ways to best improve the timely passage of food through the intestinal tracts and prevent constipation?
Ensure adequate water intake, and engage in an exercise program that is inclusive of both aerobic and resistance training
Where in the digestive system are most fluids absorbed?
Small intestine
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
The process of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in and out of the bloodstream occurs in what structure or structures?
Alveolar sacs
What component of breathing improves blood flow back to the heart?
Inspiration with a decrease in intrathoracic pressure
The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to provide the body with what gas?
Oxygen
Which type of training would most likely lead to increased levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factors, and growth hormone?
Overload training that is of a high intensity with limited rest periods
What mechanism is responsible for increasing the rate of heart conduction?
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following effects may be experienced with overtraining?
High levels of cortisol, which lead to a catabolic environment
Where is the heart located in the thoracic cavity?
Central to the left and anterior to the spine
Which of the following muscles are responsible for normal resting state (quiet) breathing?
Diaphragm
Which of the following effects of the cardiovascular system occurs during exercise?
Increased ventricular filling
What is end-systolic volume?
The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body?
Red blood cells
Which system is comprised of the airways and lungs?
Respiratory
Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs?
Right ventricle
The pathway for hormones secreted by the endocrine system may be described by which of the following?
The gland secretes the hormone, which travels through the bloodstream to reach a target cell, where it binds to a receptor and influences a particular action.
Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body?
Left ventricle
Where in the heart is the sinoatrial node located?
Right atrium
Food in the stomach is processed and then passes into what anatomical structure?
Duodenum of the small intestine
What structure in the heart transfers the electrical signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrioventricular (AV) node?
Internodal pathway
