Chapter 6 Flashcards
What effect would sleep deprivation have on growth hormone and cortisol levels?
Inadequate sleep will decrease growth hormone and increase cortisol levels.
How would age and overall health affect testosterone levels among men?
A reduction in testosterone levels occurs with age, and overall health may affect the degree of change.
What are two ways to best improve the timely passage of food through the intestinal tracts and prevent constipation?
Ensure adequate water intake, and engage in an exercise program that is inclusive of both aerobic and resistance training
Where in the digestive system are most fluids absorbed?
Small intestine
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
The process of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in and out of the bloodstream occurs in what structure or structures?
Alveolar sacs
What component of breathing improves blood flow back to the heart?
Inspiration with a decrease in intrathoracic pressure
The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to provide the body with what gas?
Oxygen
Which type of training would most likely lead to increased levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factors, and growth hormone?
Overload training that is of a high intensity with limited rest periods
What mechanism is responsible for increasing the rate of heart conduction?
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following effects may be experienced with overtraining?
High levels of cortisol, which lead to a catabolic environment
Where is the heart located in the thoracic cavity?
Central to the left and anterior to the spine
Which of the following muscles are responsible for normal resting state (quiet) breathing?
Diaphragm
Which of the following effects of the cardiovascular system occurs during exercise?
Increased ventricular filling
What is end-systolic volume?
The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body?
Red blood cells
Which system is comprised of the airways and lungs?
Respiratory
Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs?
Right ventricle
The pathway for hormones secreted by the endocrine system may be described by which of the following?
The gland secretes the hormone, which travels through the bloodstream to reach a target cell, where it binds to a receptor and influences a particular action.
Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body?
Left ventricle
Where in the heart is the sinoatrial node located?
Right atrium
Food in the stomach is processed and then passes into what anatomical structure?
Duodenum of the small intestine
What structure in the heart transfers the electrical signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrioventricular (AV) node?
Internodal pathway
Which heart chamber gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava veins?
Right atrium
What change would lead to an increase in cardiac output during exercise?
Increased heart rate
Which of the following exercises would be most likely to contribute to an acute increase in testosterone levels?
Back squat
What term is used to describe the premise that increased ventricular filling improves contractile force of the heart as a result of greater stretch of cardiac fibers?
Frank Starling Law of the Heart
What area of the chest contains the heart?
Mediastinum
Which of the following hormones have an anabolic function and have been shown to increase up to 48 hours following resistance training?
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)
The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to remove what waste product?
Carbon dioxide
What is end-diastolic volume?
The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction
What training tip would enhance the benefits of resistance training by helping increase growth hormone, testosterone, and epinephrine?
Slowing down the speed of contractions during the eccentric and concentric phases
What type of vessel is responsible for carrying blood back to the heart?
Veins
The pancreas secretes which of the following hormones?
Insulin
Which endocrine gland serves as a communication channel between the brain and pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
What is a normal respiratory rate for an adult during rest?
15 breaths per minute
Which heart chamber gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs?
Left atrium
The difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes is referred to as what?
Stroke volume
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting mechanisms?
Platelets
Which of the following blood pressure values would be classified as normal according to the American Heart Association?
Systolic <120 and diastolic <80
Which of the following processes describes the passage of digested food into the blood system to be processed for energy, nutrients, and tissue building?
Absorption
Catecholamines are responsible for which of the following actions?
Increased lipolysis
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Absorption of food and passage of waste into the rectum
What is the primary muscle type of the heart?
Cardiac
How can basal metabolic rate (BMR) best be defined?
The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest
Which of the following hormones, if increased at baseline, may be indicative of overtraining?
Cortisol
What advice would enable a client to breathe properly?
Sit upright and slowly breathe in through your nose while allowing your stomach to expand.
What anatomical heart structure is referred to as “the pacemaker of the heart”?
Sinoatrial node
Abnormal breathing may be associated with which of the following effects?
Shallow rapid breaths with use of the sternocleidomastoid
What would be considered a normal resting heart rate for a healthy sedentary person?
80 beats per minute
