Chapter 10 Flashcards
Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in the United States?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
The B vitamins have a primary role in what?
Macronutrient metabolism
Which two electrolytes are most commonly supplemented by athletes to replace those lost in sweat?
Sodium and potassium
Compared to nonheme iron, heme iron is absorbed how?
More efficiently
Which of the following is the best source for reviewing information about dietary supplements?
PubMed
Which of the following is iron considered to be?
Trace mineral
In which of the following pairs are both foods considered to be allergens?
Dairy and shellfish
What is the most appropriate response from a Certified Personal Trainer if a client insists on using a steroid or other harmful substance?
Tell them no, and refer them to a licensed medical professional for further advice.
Omega-3 fatty acids do not include which of the following fatty acids?
Palmitic acid
Iodine has a major role in which bodily process?
Thyroid function
Can supplements contain food allergens?
Yes, and if they do contain allergens, they should be listed on the label.
The most well-known and well-researched effect of omega-3 fats relates to which of the following?
Heart health
The water-soluble vitamins include which vitamins?
Vitamin C and the B complex vitamins
Calcium is of principal importance for what?
Maintaining strong bones
Which is very important as a prenatal vitamin?
Folate
Compared to water-soluble vitamins, which of the following is true about fat-soluble vitamins?
Fat-soluble vitamins take longer to accumulate in and deplete from the body.
Which of the following statements is true about proprietary blends?
Proprietary blends should typically be avoided, as the precise amount of each ingredient is not disclosed.
What percentage of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) converts to a biologically available form called eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)?
About 5-15%
Vitamin C has a role in which of these functions?
Collagen synthesis and immunity
Extreme dietary restrictions may increase risk for what?
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
How many Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) are there?
9
Which of the following is not an appropriate expectation for a CPT?
Prescribing a supplement
Vitamin and mineral supplements are which kind of supplements?
Health supplements
Which of the following is a major nutritional contributor to muscle protein synthesis?
The essential amino acids
How does taking “high” doses of vitamin C impact health?
More is not always better. In some cases, increasing the dosage does not come with many adverse effects, but it also does not increase health benefits. An increased dose of Vitamin C over 1 g reduces absorption.
How many B vitamins are there?
8
Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in Australia?
Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
Creatine is most effective for what purpose?
Improving strength and muscle size
What is the purpose of the Current Good Manufacturing Practices?
To provide guidelines to help ensure quality and purity of products
Which organization must approve a supplement prior to it being sold?
Supplements do not require approval prior to sale.
What are the three branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)?
Valine, leucine, and isoleucine
Which of the following is magnesium classified as?
Macromineral
Which vitamin is the most transient?
Vitamin C
Which of the following is a banned substance in the United States?
Dimethylamylamine (DMAA)
Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in the United Kingdom?
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
Why is third-party verification important?
It provides unbiased testing for a product.
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, and K
Which of the following is true of protein shakes?
They are convenient options for increasing protein intake.
What is a primary difference between a food label and a supplement label?
A supplement label only needs to list what is present, not specific amounts.
Vitamin K supplements should be avoided by those taking which type of medication?
Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
How are dietary supplements defined?
Regulated dietary materials used to increase intake of a desired nutritional component
Accumulating too much of a vitamin or mineral in the body may lead to what?
Toxicity
What is meant by the term tolerable upper limit (UL)?
The greatest quantity of a vitamin or mineral that may be consumed in a day without risk of an adverse health effect
Which of the following is true about the biologically active forms of vitamins?
Biologically active forms are most effective for augmenting body levels.
What is the best definition of essential when discussing human nutrition?
Must be obtained in the diet, as the body is incapable of producing the nutrient on its own
Which of the following is true regarding steroids and other banned substances?
They should never be recommended to clients, as they pose undue risk and are often illegal.
Ergogenic aids are typically consumed for what purpose?
To improve athletic performance and/or body composition
For what is vitamin D most important?
Bone Health
Which of the following is a potential benefit of omega-3 fatty acids?
Anti-inflammatory properties
Which vitamin has an increased risk of causing toxicity?
Vitamin A
