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CPT > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the recommended training variables for dynamic stretching?

A

1 set, 10 to 15 repetitions, 3 to 10 exercises

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2
Q

Which principle states that soft tissue will model along the lines of stress?

A

Davis’s law

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3
Q

What are the two primary actions of the Golgi tendon organ?

A

Sense change in muscle-tendon tension and speed of tension change

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4
Q

What is the neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when a synergist muscle takes over for a weak or inhibited muscle?

A

Synergistic dominance

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5
Q

Which term best describes observable movement of the limbs?

A

Osteokinematics

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6
Q

What is pertinent information for the fitness professional to consider before prescribing flexibility exercises?

A

Any medical precautions or contraindications

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7
Q

Which statement best describes the neurophysiological effect that occurs from myofascial rolling?

A

The direct roller compression may create tissue relaxation and pain reduction in tissues by stimulating nerve receptors.

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8
Q

When performing a dumbbell biceps curl, the biceps brachii is considered the agonist (prime mover), and the triceps become the inhibited antagonist. What is this phenomenon called?

A

Reciprocal inhibition

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9
Q

Why is the hurdler’s stretch considered to be a controversial lower-body stretch?

A

The stretch provides excessive stress to the inside of the knee.

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10
Q

The hamstring complex compensating for weakened hip extensors, which cannot produce force effectively, is an example of what key term?

A

Synergistic dominance

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11
Q

If a muscle is stretched too quickly, the muscle responds with an immediate contraction to stop the stretch. What is this specific action called?

A

Stretch reflex

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12
Q

What are two contraindications for self-myofascial techniques?

A

Cancer and bleeding disorders

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13
Q

Why is the shoulder stand yoga pose considered to be a controversial upper-body stretch?

A

This stretch provides excessive stress to the neck, shoulders, and spine.

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14
Q

What concern should you have when prescribing flexibility exercises to a client with osteoporosis?

A

Osteoporosis is considered a contraindication to myofascial rolling.

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15
Q

What is the process in which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles?

A

Autogenic inhibition

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16
Q

Which type of nerve receptor senses pain?

A

Nociceptor

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17
Q

Flexibility is defined as the following:

A

Normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows for complete range of motion

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18
Q

Which lower-body stretch is considered controversial and may be a risk for injury?

A

Inverted hurdler’s stretch for hamstrings

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18
Q

Which lower-body stretch is considered controversial and may be a risk for injury?

A

Inverted hurdler’s stretch for hamstrings

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19
Q

What is considered to be the mechanism of action with self-myofascial rolling?

A

Autogenic inhibition

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20
Q

The lengthening reaction is often seen with what type of flexibility technique?

A

Static stretching

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21
Q

Active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action?

A

Reciprocal inhibition

22
Q

What principle describes the nervous system’s ability to recruit the correct muscles to perform movement?

A

Neuromuscular efficiency

23
Q

What type of exercise would be suggested to address overactive, shortened hamstrings?

A

Flexibility exercises

24
Q

If your client is working in Phase 1 of the OPT model, what type of flexibility training should they utilize?

A

SMR/static stretching

25
Q

Which physiological systems comprise the human movement system (HMS)?

A

The muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems

26
Q

Which upper-body yoga stretch is considered controversial and may be a risk for injury?

A

Plow pose

27
Q

What is a safe flexibility modification that you can recommend to a client who has varicose veins?

A

Gentle static stretching

28
Q

What are the recommended training variables for self-myofascial rolling?

A

1 to 3 sets, hold each tender area for 30 seconds

29
Q

Which statement best describes the local mechanical effect that occurs from myofascial rolling?

A

Compression to the local myofascia “relaxes” the tissues by increasing local blood flow and reducing myofascial restrictions and adhesions.

30
Q

What are the recommended training variables for active stretching?

A

1 to 3 sets, hold each stretch for 1 to 2 seconds, and repeat for 5 to 10 repetitions

31
Q

Susan’s quadriceps have been identified as overactive. What type of flexibility training should be used first to help improve this muscle imbalance?

A

SMR and static stretching of the quadriceps

32
Q

Which muscle would you be targeting for SMR if you placed the roller along the front and slightly lateral (outside) part of the upper thigh (just below the pelvis)?

A

Tensor fascia latae

33
Q

What key term would best describe an overactive hip flexor complex decreasing neural drive to the hip extensor complex?

A

Altered reciprocal inhibition

34
Q

Your client Ethan presents with an overactive/shortened quadriceps group, which is causing the hamstrings to be underactive/lengthened. What is this phenomenon called?

A

Altered reciprocal inhibition

35
Q

What term is used for a condition that would make it unsafe for the client to participate in any type of flexibility exercise?

A

Contraindication

36
Q

What are the two physiological responses that can occur from myofascial rolling?

A

Mechanical and neurophysiological response

37
Q

What are common tools used for self-myofascial techniques?

A

Foam rollers, handheld rollers, and massage balls

38
Q

Davis’s law describes what type of changes within the cumulative injury cycle?

A

Adhesions may begin to form structural changes in the soft tissue.

39
Q

Mobility is a combination of which two musculoskeletal components?

A

Flexibility and joint ROM

40
Q

Why is the arching quadriceps stretch considered a controversial lower-body stretch?

A

The stretch provides excessive stress on the kneecap and other tissues in the front knee.

41
Q

Which answer best represents the timeframe when delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) occurs after strenuous exercise?

A

24 to 72 hours after strenuous exercise

42
Q

What should be the first step in a client’s program after the assessment?

A

Designing the flexibility portion of the program

43
Q

What are the steps in the cumulative injury cycle?

A

Tissue trauma, inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesions, altered neuromuscular control, muscle imbalance

44
Q

What is it called when an individual performs the same task repeatedly over time, which can lead to movement dysfunction?

A

Pattern overload

45
Q

Which term best describes motion at the joint surface?

A

Arthrokinematics

46
Q

What are two medical precautions for self-myofascial techniques?

A

Joint hypermobility and scoliosis

47
Q

Flexibility training can reduce the risk of what three conditions?

A

Muscle imbalances, joint dysfunctions, and overuse injuries

48
Q

Researchers have found that myofascial rolling can decrease the effects of what condition after strenuous exercise?

A

Delayed-onset muscle soreness

49
Q

What are the two primary actions of the muscle spindle?

A

Sense the change in muscle length and the speed of length change

50
Q

What are two signs of a muscle being overstretched?

A

Prolonged joint or muscle pain lasting more than 24 hours and swelling in the muscle

51
Q

What is an example of a mechanism that can lead to muscle imbalance?

A

Postural distortions

52
Q

What are the recommended training variables for static stretching?

A

1 to 3 sets, hold each stretch for 30 seconds

53
Q

Which statement best defines the concept of relative flexibility?

A

Altered movement patterns

CPT (23 decks)

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