Chapter 7

Question 1

What term is used to describe muscle tension that is created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint?

Answer 1

Isometric

Question 2

Which of the following muscle groups work both eccentrically and concentrically in the sagittal plane during a squat?

Answer 2

Quadriceps

Question 3

In order to optimally load muscle during the eccentric phase, the fitness professional should recommend which of the following?

Answer 3

Lower the weight more slowly to increase time under tension

Question 4

What is the most accurate description of motor control?

Answer 4

The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements

Question 5

Which of the following benefits may occur as a result of exercises that comprise only eccentric muscle actions that are appropriately loaded?

Answer 5

Increased anabolic hormone stimulation

Question 6

Which of the following examples describes a muscle that is functioning as an antagonist?

Answer 6

The biceps brachii being active during elbow extension

Question 7

What movement term is used to describe the concept of adducting the shoulder blades so that they become closer together?

Answer 7

Scapular retraction

Question 8

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?

Answer 8

As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.

Question 9

Which of the following muscles is primarily targeted when performing a biceps curl exercise with the thumb up?

Answer 9

Brachioradialis

Question 10

Which concept should be used to describe the functioning of the serratus anterior as it assists the anterior deltoid during shoulder flexion?

Answer 10

Synergist

Question 11

What type of input may provide a runner with a cue to contract the evertor muscles to avoid an inversion injury?

Answer 11

Proprioception

Question 12

Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?

Answer 12

Lateral subsystem

Question 13

What anatomical term is used to describe something that is relatively closer to the midline of the body?

Answer 13

Medial

Question 14

During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase?

Answer 14

Transverse

Question 15

How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described?

Answer 15

The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading

Question 16

Performing a biceps curl with a dumbbell in the hand is an example of which type of lever?

Answer 16

Third class

Question 17

Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?

Answer 17

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.

Question 18

What term is used to describe the concept of how the functioning of one body segment can impact other areas of the body?

Answer 18

Regional interdependence

Question 19

How is an isokinetic muscle contraction best described?

Answer 19

A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted

Question 20

What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system’s role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists?

Answer 20

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 21

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during a concentric contraction?

Answer 21

As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.

Question 22

How should an eccentric muscle action be described?

Answer 22

The development of muscle tension during lengthening of the contractile tissue

Question 23

What scientific term is used to describe the concept whereby a loaded eccentric contraction prepares the muscles for a rapid concentric contraction?

Answer 23

Stretch-shortening cycle

Question 24

What is a key mechanism involved in internal feedback?

Answer 24

Proprioception

Question 25

What is the anatomical term that describes something positioned on the opposite side of the body?

Answer 25

Contralateral

Question 26

Movements that take place within a joint and are not visible to the human eye may be classified in what way?

Answer 26

Arthrokinematic

Question 27

What is the concept used to describe the action of muscles that have the ability to contract automatically in anticipation of movement?

Answer 27

Feed-forward

Question 28

During a squat, the lowering phase would be described as what type of muscle action?

Answer 28

Eccentric

Question 29

Which muscle functions as part of the global muscular system?

Answer 29

Erector spinae

Question 30

Which of the following solutions would allow an individual to achieve a greater depth during the lowering phase of the squat if ankle stiffness is the cause?

Answer 30

Place a small board under the heels

Question 31

Which plane of movement can be described as an imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides?

Answer 31

Sagittal

Question 32

Which of the following muscle groups work eccentrically in the sagittal plane during the lowering phase of the squat?

Answer 32

Quadriceps

Question 33

The posterior oblique system includes which of the following muscle groups?

Answer 33

Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus

Question 34

During a squat, which muscle group isometrically contracts to prevent unnecessary thigh movement in the frontal plane?

Answer 34

Hip abductors

Question 35

What measurement is dependent upon the length of the lever arm and the angle between the force application and the lever arm?

Answer 35

Torque

Question 36

Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant?

Answer 36

Isokinetic

Question 37

Overactive hip flexors may lead to which of the following postural compensations?

Answer 37

Anterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch

Question 38

Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements?

Answer 38

Multifidus

Question 39

Movement represents the integrated functioning of which three main body systems?

Answer 39

Muscular, nervous, and skeletal

Question 40

In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur?

Answer 40

Transverse

Question 41

Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action?

Answer 41

Eccentric

Question 42

Which of the following force couples is accurately linked to the movement created by their combined action?

Answer 42

Internal and external obliques functioning to create trunk rotation

Question 43

What is the anatomical term that describes something positioned above an identified reference point?

Answer 43

Superior

Question 44

What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?

Answer 44

Concentric

Question 45

The upper trapezius works with what muscle as a force couple to create upward rotation of the scapula?

Answer 45

Serratus anterior

Question 46

Improved performance during a plyometric jump is dependent upon which of the following?

Answer 46

Rapid amortization phase

Question 47

The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

Answer 47

Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators

Question 48

The deep longitudinal subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

Answer 48

Hamstrings and erector spinae

Question 49

What type of lever could be described as having a fulcrum in the middle like a seesaw?

Answer 49

First class

Question 50

Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?

Answer 50

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction

Question 51

What is the anatomical term that describes something positioned above an identified reference point?

Answer 51

Superior