Chapter 5

Question 1

Weight-bearing exercise helps strengthen bones through what process?

Answer 1

Remodeling

Question 2

Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site?

Answer 2

Troponin

Question 3

What are the two components of a sarcomere?

Answer 3

Actin and myosin

Question 4

When a client’s heart rate is raised during cardio activities, this is being caused by which system?

Answer 4

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

Which type of muscle fiber has a large number of capillaries?

Answer 5

Type I

Question 6

Which term describes the movement of bones, such as flexion and extension?

Answer 6

Osteokinematics

Question 7

What is it called when a ligament is overstretched or torn?

Answer 7

A sprain

Question 8

Humans can learn new things at any stage of life, due to which process that causes the brain to reform neural pathways?

Answer 8

Neuroplasticity

Question 9

Human movement is accomplished through the functional integration of three systems within the human body: the nervous system, the skeletal system, and what other system?

Answer 9

Muscular

Question 10

What is the correct order of fascia, starting with the most superficial?

Answer 10

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Question 11

What is a characteristic of a type II muscle fiber?

Answer 11

Short-term contractions

Question 12

Calcium is often associated with bone health, but why is it also important for muscular function?

Answer 12

It stimulates actin and myosin activity.

Question 13

What is the correct order of segments for the spine, starting at the top?

Answer 13

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

Question 14

Which type of joint includes the sutures of the skull?

Answer 14

Nonsynovial

Question 15

What is a characteristic of a type I muscle fiber?

Answer 15

Less force production

Question 16

Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during movements that require high levels of force and power, such as a sprint?

Answer 16

Type II

Question 17

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of that tension change, causing the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress and possible injury?

Answer 17

Golgi tendon organs

Question 18

A person walks differently when they move from a sidewalk onto the sand. This is regulated by what function?

Answer 18

Motor function

Question 19

What is the process by which bone is constantly renewed?

Answer 19

Remodeling

Question 20

When a gymnast balances on a beam, they are aware of their body’s general orientation and the relative position of its parts. This is due to which key sensory function?

Answer 20

Proprioception

Question 21

What is the concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement?

Answer 21

Kinetic chain

Question 22

Which joint has the simplest movement, moving either back and forth or side to side?

Answer 22

Nonaxial

Question 23

What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs?

Answer 23

They act as shock absorbers.

Question 24

What is the primary purpose of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 24

To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Question 25

What is explained by the sliding filament theory?

Answer 25

The shortening of a sarcomere to produce a muscle contraction

Question 26

What are the two categories of bone markings?

Answer 26

Depressions and processes

Question 27

Which joint is the most mobile, able to move in all three directions?

Answer 27

Ball-and-socket

Question 28

Which division of the skeleton is made up of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle?

Answer 28

Appendicular

Question 29

What activity is especially beneficial for combating the loss of muscle mass, power, and strength for aging adults?

Answer 29

Resistance Training

Question 30

Which system puts the body into a relaxed state, termed rest and digest?

Answer 30

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 31

What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna?

Answer 31

Long

Question 32

Which characteristic is exhibited by type I muscle fibers?

Answer 32

Slow to fatigue

Question 33

What are the three types of muscles in the body?

Answer 33

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Question 34

Which joints are most associated with human movement?

Answer 34

Synovial

Question 35

Which system supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body?

Answer 35

Autonomic nervous system

Question 36

What best describes the all-or-nothing principle?

Answer 36

A motor unit will either contract maximally or not at all.

Question 37

Which of the following is the functional unit of a muscle cell?

Answer 37

A sarcomere

Question 38

What is the name of the specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system?

Answer 38

Neuron

Question 39

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

Answer 39

Axial and appendicular

Question 40

What is the name for projections protruding from the bone to which tendons and ligaments attach?

Answer 40

Processes

Question 41

What are the two components of the central nervous system?

Answer 41

The brain and spinal cord

Question 42

What is the term for the chemical messengers that cross the synapse between the neuron and muscle and assist with nerve transmission?

Answer 42

Neurotransmitters

Question 43

One of the two interdependent divisions of the nervous system is the central nervous system. What is the second division?

Answer 43

Peripheral nervous system

Question 44

What surrounds the skeletal muscles and connects them to other surrounding muscles?

Answer 44

Fascia

Question 45

Which part of a cell is responsible for using nutrients to create energy for the cell?

Answer 45

Mitochondria

Question 46

What is the function of the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 46

The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate

Question 47

At what age is total peak bone mass reached?

Answer 47

30

Question 48

What is the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone?

Answer 48

Ligament

Question 49

At what age is the adolescent brain considered to be fully developed?

Answer 49

25

Question 50

Which of these is one of the major curvatures of the spine from a posterior view?

Answer 50

Concave lumbar curve