Chapter 7 - Workbook Flashcards
Which receptors react to changes in the outside world?
Sensory receptors
Which are neurons that signal muscles and glands to respond?
Efferent neurons
Which nerves link the brain with sensory receptors and muscles?
Cranial nerves
How many cranial nerves are there?
12 pairs
Which nerves link the spinal cord with various structures?
Spinal nerves
How many spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
How many sacral nerves are there?
5 pairs of nerves, S1-S5
How many Cervical nerves are there?
8 pairs of nerves, C1-C8
How may thoracic nerves are there?
12 pairs of nerves, T1-T12
How many lumbar nerves are there?
5 pairs of nerves, L1-L5
How many coccygeal nerves are there?
1 pair
What consists of only afferent (sensory) fibres that transmit information from the sensory receptors to the spinal cord?
The dorsal root
What is located just before the dorsal root joins the spinal cord?
Spinal ganglion
What consists of only efferent (motor) fibres leaving the spinal cord?
The ventral root
Dorsal and ventral roots join to form what?
The spinal nerve
The dorsal branch of each nerve supplies the muscles and skin of what part of the vertebral column?
The posterior part
What parts of several spinal nerves interconnect and form networks called plexuses?
Ventral branches
Which plexus supplies the lower abdominal wall, thigh, and external genital structures?
Lumbar
Which plexus supplies the buttock, thigh, leg, and foot?
Sacral
What is the nerve that exits from cervical plexus and transmits impulses to the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
Which plexus supplies the lower part of the shoulder, the arm, and the hand?
Brachial
What is the main branch of the sacral plexus, which is the largest nerve in the body?
Sciatic
What is the largest nerve arising from the lumbar plexus?
Femoral
What is the nerve that arises from the brachial plexus - also called the funny bone?
Ulnar
Which plexus sends information to the skin and muscles of part of the head neck, and upper shoulders?
Cervical
The efferent system portion of the autonomic division is subdivided into which two systems?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Neurons of the sympathetic system emerge from which two regions of the spinal cord?
The thoracic and lumbar regions
Sympathetic neurons pass through which branch, and then pass into the ganglia?
Autonomic
The first efferent neurons are referred to as what?
Preganglionic neurons
What is located near or within the walls of the organs they innervate?
Terminal ganglia
Which system helps return the body to resting conditions?
Parasympathetic
Which receptors are activated when acetylcholine binds with them?
Cholinergic receptors
Norepinephrine binds to which receptor?
Adrenergic
Which receptors are located on postganglionic neurons in all autonomic ganglia?
Nicotinic receptors
Which receptors are found in cardiac muscle fibres, smooth muscle fibres, and gland cells?
Muscarinic receptors
Preganglionic and postganglionic fibres of parasympathetic system release which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
The afferent and efferent nerves of the somatic division, along with neurons of the autonomic division, make up which nerves?
Cranial and spinal nerves
Cranial nerves transmit orders in the form of neural signals from the brain to what?
Sensory receptors
There are 12 pairs of which spinal nerves?
Thoracic
There are 5 pairs of which spinal nerves?
Lumbar
What consists of the cell bodies of sensory neurons?
Spinal ganglion
Dorsal and ventral roots join to form what?
A spinal nerve
The phrenic nerve, which extends from the cervical plexus, transmits impulses to what?
The diaphragm
Two of the nerves that emerge from the brachial plexus are what?
The ulnar and the radial
What is the largest nerve in the body?
Femoral nerve
