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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 7 - Workbook > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

Which receptors react to changes in the outside world?

A

Sensory receptors

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2
Q

Which are neurons that signal muscles and glands to respond?

A

Efferent neurons

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3
Q

Which nerves link the brain with sensory receptors and muscles?

A

Cranial nerves

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4
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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5
Q

Which nerves link the spinal cord with various structures?

A

Spinal nerves

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6
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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7
Q

How many sacral nerves are there?

A

5 pairs of nerves, S1-S5

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8
Q

How many Cervical nerves are there?

A

8 pairs of nerves, C1-C8

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9
Q

How may thoracic nerves are there?

A

12 pairs of nerves, T1-T12

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10
Q

How many lumbar nerves are there?

A

5 pairs of nerves, L1-L5

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11
Q

How many coccygeal nerves are there?

A

1 pair

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12
Q

What consists of only afferent (sensory) fibres that transmit information from the sensory receptors to the spinal cord?

A

The dorsal root

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13
Q

What is located just before the dorsal root joins the spinal cord?

A

Spinal ganglion

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14
Q

What consists of only efferent (motor) fibres leaving the spinal cord?

A

The ventral root

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15
Q

Dorsal and ventral roots join to form what?

A

The spinal nerve

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16
Q

The dorsal branch of each nerve supplies the muscles and skin of what part of the vertebral column?

A

The posterior part

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17
Q

What parts of several spinal nerves interconnect and form networks called plexuses?

A

Ventral branches

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18
Q

Which plexus supplies the lower abdominal wall, thigh, and external genital structures?

A

Lumbar

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19
Q

Which plexus supplies the buttock, thigh, leg, and foot?

A

Sacral

20
Q

What is the nerve that exits from cervical plexus and transmits impulses to the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

21
Q

Which plexus supplies the lower part of the shoulder, the arm, and the hand?

A

Brachial

22
Q

What is the main branch of the sacral plexus, which is the largest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic

23
Q

What is the largest nerve arising from the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral

24
Q

What is the nerve that arises from the brachial plexus - also called the funny bone?

A

Ulnar

25
Q

Which plexus sends information to the skin and muscles of part of the head neck, and upper shoulders?

A

Cervical

26
Q

The efferent system portion of the autonomic division is subdivided into which two systems?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

27
Q

Neurons of the sympathetic system emerge from which two regions of the spinal cord?

A

The thoracic and lumbar regions

28
Q

Sympathetic neurons pass through which branch, and then pass into the ganglia?

A

Autonomic

29
Q

The first efferent neurons are referred to as what?

A

Preganglionic neurons

30
Q

What is located near or within the walls of the organs they innervate?

A

Terminal ganglia

31
Q

Which system helps return the body to resting conditions?

A

Parasympathetic

32
Q

Which receptors are activated when acetylcholine binds with them?

A

Cholinergic receptors

33
Q

Norepinephrine binds to which receptor?

A

Adrenergic

34
Q

Which receptors are located on postganglionic neurons in all autonomic ganglia?

A

Nicotinic receptors

35
Q

Which receptors are found in cardiac muscle fibres, smooth muscle fibres, and gland cells?

A

Muscarinic receptors

36
Q

Preganglionic and postganglionic fibres of parasympathetic system release which neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine

37
Q

The afferent and efferent nerves of the somatic division, along with neurons of the autonomic division, make up which nerves?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

38
Q

Cranial nerves transmit orders in the form of neural signals from the brain to what?

A

Sensory receptors

39
Q

There are 12 pairs of which spinal nerves?

A

Thoracic

40
Q

There are 5 pairs of which spinal nerves?

A

Lumbar

41
Q

What consists of the cell bodies of sensory neurons?

A

Spinal ganglion

42
Q

Dorsal and ventral roots join to form what?

A

A spinal nerve

43
Q

The phrenic nerve, which extends from the cervical plexus, transmits impulses to what?

A

The diaphragm

44
Q

Two of the nerves that emerge from the brachial plexus are what?

A

The ulnar and the radial

45
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

Femoral nerve

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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