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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 12 - Workbook > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

hormone that signals the kidneys to increase sodium re-absorption

A

aldosterone

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2
Q

vein that empties into the hepatic portal vein

A

superior mensenteric

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3
Q

capillary-like vessels in liver, spleen, and bone marrow

A

sinusoids

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4
Q

blood circulates through this vein to the superior vena cava

A

brachiocephalic

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5
Q

tonsils located at the base of the tongue

A

lingual

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6
Q

What are small vessels that directly link the arterioles to the venules

A

metarterioles

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7
Q

small vessels that directly link arterioles with venules

A

metarterioles

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8
Q

kidneys release this enzyme in response to low blood pressure

A

renin

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9
Q

receives blood returning from below the level of the diaphragm

A

inferior vena cava

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10
Q

blood vessels that conduct blood back towards the heart

A

veins

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11
Q

The pulmonary arteries lead to an extensive network of____________

A

capillaries

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12
Q

What is the first part of the aorta?

A

ascending aorta (superior)

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13
Q

specialized receptors in the walls of certain arteries and in the heart wall that are sensitive to changes in blood pressure

A

baroreceptor

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14
Q

thin and somewhat porous blood vessels; some plasma leaks through their walls into tissue

A

capillaries

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15
Q

the alternate arterial expansion and recoil that moves down the aorta and its braches in a wave, faster than the flow of blood is called _________

A

aterial pulse

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16
Q

largest organ of the lymphatic system; filters blood

A

spleen

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17
Q

several hormones collectively produced by the thymus gland

A

thymosin

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18
Q

Small masses of lymph tissue

A

lymph nodes

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19
Q

Changed in blood are regulated by what system in response to the metabolic needs of the tissue and by the demands of the body

A

nervous system

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20
Q

What makes up the descending aorta?

A

abdominal aorta + thoracic aorta

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21
Q

Where does lymph slowly flow through?

A

lymph sinuses

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22
Q

pinkish grey lymphatic organ located in the upper thorax

A

thymus gland

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23
Q

what are small branches of arteries that are important in regulating blood pressure

A

arterioles

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24
Q

Where do pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to

A

left atrium

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25
Q

Where do lymph vessels (except the upper quadrant) drain into?

A

thoracic duct

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26
Q

blood pressure higher than normal; risk factor for cardiovascular disease

A

hypertension

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27
Q

Layers of tunics, of an artery or vein wall from the outside in

A

tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima

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28
Q

Where does the blood return to after it has been oxygenated

A

left atrium

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29
Q

inner layer of an artery or vein wall; consists of endothelium

A

tunica intima

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30
Q

What delivers blood from organs of the digestive system to the liver

A

hepatic porta;

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31
Q

the two vertebral arteries form this

A

basilar artery

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32
Q

vessels carry blood from ventricles of the heart to organs and tissues of the body

A

arteries

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33
Q

smallest veins

A

capillaries

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34
Q

What descends from the aortic arch and passes through the thorax, posterior to the heart?

A

thoracic arota

35
Q

nourishes cells and keeps them moist

A

interstitial fluid

36
Q

oxygen-poor blood loaded with carbon dioxide wastes returns to the _________

A

right atrium

37
Q

Where does lymph from the upper quadrant drain into?

A

lymphatic ducts

38
Q

specialized vein that has no smooth muscle in its walls

A

venous sinus

39
Q

enter cranial cavity in midregion of cranial floor to bring blood to the brain

A

internal carotid arteries

40
Q

outer layer of an artery or vein wall; consists of connective tissue rich in elastic and collagen fibers

A

tunica adventitia

41
Q

decrease in blood vessel diameter

A

vasoconstriction

42
Q

_______ of the aorta deliver blood to all organs and tissues

A

branches

43
Q

Circle of arteries at the base of the brain

A

circle of Willis

44
Q

What pumps the blood into the pulmonary circulation, where gases are exchanged

A

right ventricle

45
Q

joining of two or more arteries

A

anastomosis

46
Q

prevent backflow that would occur because of the force of gravity

A

vein valves

47
Q

hormone that acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor

A

angiotensin II

48
Q

smooth muscle cell that helps regulate blood supply to each organ and its tissue

A

precapillary sphincter

49
Q

What pumps blood into the systemic circulation, delivering oxygen-rich blood to organs and tissues

A

left ventricle

50
Q

tonsil located in posterior wall of nasal portion of pharynx above soft palate

A

pharyngeal

51
Q

arteries carry oxygen rich blood from the ________ of the heart to the organs and tissue of the body

A

left ventricle

52
Q

What type of tissue is lymph tissue

A

connective

53
Q

at any time, more than 60% of blood in circulation is found here

A

veins

54
Q

tonsils that are thickening in mucous membrane of the throat

A

palatine

55
Q

vein that carries blood to a second set of exchange vessels (capillaries or sinusoids)

A

portal vein

56
Q

What is the largest artery?

A

aorta

57
Q

What is posterior to the heart?

A

thorax

58
Q

veins at each side of the neck

A

internal jugular

59
Q

increase in blood vessel diameter

A

vasodilation

60
Q

exchange vessels somewhat like capillaries

A

sinusoids

61
Q

As blood passes into the left ventricle where is it pumped back into?

A

systemic circulation

62
Q

remove bacteria and other foreign matter from lymph

A

marcophages

63
Q

The region of the aorta below the diaphragm

A

abdominal aorta

64
Q

When does the elastic wall of the aorta stretch?

A

each time the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta

65
Q

What type of circulation is the lymph system

A

drainage system

66
Q

receives blood from the upper portion of the body

A

superior vena cava

67
Q

Blood circulates through what two continuous networks of blood vessels

A

pituitary circulation = connects heart and lungs

systemic circulation = connects the heart with all other organs and tissues

68
Q

Blood flows through the pulmonary circulation in what order?

A

right atrium ——> right ventricle —-> pulmonary arteries—–> pulmonary capillaries ——> pulmonary veins —–> left atrium

69
Q

expressed as systolic pressure over diastolic pressure

A

blood pressure

70
Q

As blood flows through the pulmonary capillaries, what diffuses out and in?

A

OUT - carbon dioxide

IN - oxygen

71
Q

pass through foramen magnum and join on the ventral surface of the brain-stem to bring blood to the brain

A

vertebral arteries

72
Q

What delivers blood to the intestines

A

mesenteric artery

73
Q

Oxygen-poor blood is pumped into the right ventricle and then into the ______________, which deliver blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary arteries

74
Q

smallest branches of an artery; important in regulating blood presssure

A

arterioles

75
Q

masses of lymph tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral cavity and pharynx

A

tonsils

76
Q

Lymph connective tissue has a large number of __________

A

lymphocytes

77
Q

In the aorta it curves and makes a U-turn

A

aortic arch

78
Q

tubes through which blood circulates throughout the body

A

blood vessels

79
Q

A large lymph vessel that delivers lymph into the base of the left subclavian vein

A

thoracic duct

80
Q

mass of lymph tissue surrounded by a connective tissue capsule

A

lymph node

81
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood into the largest artery

A

aorta

82
Q

The lymphatic system consist of the clear, watery lymph that is formed from __________ fluid, the lymph vessels that conduct the lymph and lymph tissues

A

interstitial

83
Q

middle layer of an artery or vein wall; consists of connective tissue and smooth muscle

A

tunica media

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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