Chapter 12 - Workbook Flashcards
hormone that signals the kidneys to increase sodium re-absorption
aldosterone
vein that empties into the hepatic portal vein
superior mensenteric
capillary-like vessels in liver, spleen, and bone marrow
sinusoids
blood circulates through this vein to the superior vena cava
brachiocephalic
tonsils located at the base of the tongue
lingual
What are small vessels that directly link the arterioles to the venules
metarterioles
small vessels that directly link arterioles with venules
metarterioles
kidneys release this enzyme in response to low blood pressure
renin
receives blood returning from below the level of the diaphragm
inferior vena cava
blood vessels that conduct blood back towards the heart
veins
The pulmonary arteries lead to an extensive network of____________
capillaries
What is the first part of the aorta?
ascending aorta (superior)
specialized receptors in the walls of certain arteries and in the heart wall that are sensitive to changes in blood pressure
baroreceptor
thin and somewhat porous blood vessels; some plasma leaks through their walls into tissue
capillaries
the alternate arterial expansion and recoil that moves down the aorta and its braches in a wave, faster than the flow of blood is called _________
aterial pulse
largest organ of the lymphatic system; filters blood
spleen
several hormones collectively produced by the thymus gland
thymosin
Small masses of lymph tissue
lymph nodes
Changed in blood are regulated by what system in response to the metabolic needs of the tissue and by the demands of the body
nervous system
What makes up the descending aorta?
abdominal aorta + thoracic aorta
Where does lymph slowly flow through?
lymph sinuses
pinkish grey lymphatic organ located in the upper thorax
thymus gland
what are small branches of arteries that are important in regulating blood pressure
arterioles
Where do pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to
left atrium
Where do lymph vessels (except the upper quadrant) drain into?
thoracic duct
blood pressure higher than normal; risk factor for cardiovascular disease
hypertension
Layers of tunics, of an artery or vein wall from the outside in
tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima
Where does the blood return to after it has been oxygenated
left atrium
inner layer of an artery or vein wall; consists of endothelium
tunica intima
What delivers blood from organs of the digestive system to the liver
hepatic porta;
the two vertebral arteries form this
basilar artery
vessels carry blood from ventricles of the heart to organs and tissues of the body
arteries
smallest veins
capillaries
What descends from the aortic arch and passes through the thorax, posterior to the heart?
thoracic arota
nourishes cells and keeps them moist
interstitial fluid
oxygen-poor blood loaded with carbon dioxide wastes returns to the _________
right atrium
Where does lymph from the upper quadrant drain into?
lymphatic ducts
specialized vein that has no smooth muscle in its walls
venous sinus
enter cranial cavity in midregion of cranial floor to bring blood to the brain
internal carotid arteries
outer layer of an artery or vein wall; consists of connective tissue rich in elastic and collagen fibers
tunica adventitia
decrease in blood vessel diameter
vasoconstriction
_______ of the aorta deliver blood to all organs and tissues
branches
Circle of arteries at the base of the brain
circle of Willis
What pumps the blood into the pulmonary circulation, where gases are exchanged
right ventricle
joining of two or more arteries
anastomosis
prevent backflow that would occur because of the force of gravity
vein valves
hormone that acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor
angiotensin II
smooth muscle cell that helps regulate blood supply to each organ and its tissue
precapillary sphincter
What pumps blood into the systemic circulation, delivering oxygen-rich blood to organs and tissues
left ventricle
tonsil located in posterior wall of nasal portion of pharynx above soft palate
pharyngeal
arteries carry oxygen rich blood from the ________ of the heart to the organs and tissue of the body
left ventricle
What type of tissue is lymph tissue
connective
at any time, more than 60% of blood in circulation is found here
veins
tonsils that are thickening in mucous membrane of the throat
palatine
vein that carries blood to a second set of exchange vessels (capillaries or sinusoids)
portal vein
What is the largest artery?
aorta
What is posterior to the heart?
thorax
veins at each side of the neck
internal jugular
increase in blood vessel diameter
vasodilation
exchange vessels somewhat like capillaries
sinusoids
As blood passes into the left ventricle where is it pumped back into?
systemic circulation
remove bacteria and other foreign matter from lymph
marcophages
The region of the aorta below the diaphragm
abdominal aorta
When does the elastic wall of the aorta stretch?
each time the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
What type of circulation is the lymph system
drainage system
receives blood from the upper portion of the body
superior vena cava
Blood circulates through what two continuous networks of blood vessels
pituitary circulation = connects heart and lungs
systemic circulation = connects the heart with all other organs and tissues
Blood flows through the pulmonary circulation in what order?
right atrium ——> right ventricle —-> pulmonary arteries—–> pulmonary capillaries ——> pulmonary veins —–> left atrium
expressed as systolic pressure over diastolic pressure
blood pressure
As blood flows through the pulmonary capillaries, what diffuses out and in?
OUT - carbon dioxide
IN - oxygen
pass through foramen magnum and join on the ventral surface of the brain-stem to bring blood to the brain
vertebral arteries
What delivers blood to the intestines
mesenteric artery
Oxygen-poor blood is pumped into the right ventricle and then into the ______________, which deliver blood to the lungs
pulmonary arteries
smallest branches of an artery; important in regulating blood presssure
arterioles
masses of lymph tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral cavity and pharynx
tonsils
Lymph connective tissue has a large number of __________
lymphocytes
In the aorta it curves and makes a U-turn
aortic arch
tubes through which blood circulates throughout the body
blood vessels
A large lymph vessel that delivers lymph into the base of the left subclavian vein
thoracic duct
mass of lymph tissue surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
lymph node
The left ventricle pumps blood into the largest artery
aorta
The lymphatic system consist of the clear, watery lymph that is formed from __________ fluid, the lymph vessels that conduct the lymph and lymph tissues
interstitial
middle layer of an artery or vein wall; consists of connective tissue and smooth muscle
tunica media
