Chapter 14 - Workbook Flashcards
What is the exchange of gases between the body and the environment called?
Respiration
What is the opening of the nose?
Nostrils
What is another name for nares?
Nostrils
What is the voice box called?
Larynx
What are the microscopic air sacs in the lungs called?
Alveoli
What does the respiratory system consist of?
The lungs and the airway
What is the partition separating the two nasal cavities called?
Nasal septum
What are the small cavities in the bones of the skull connected with the nasal cavities called?
Paranasal sinuses
What is the windpipe called?
Trachea
What increases the surface area over which air passes as it moves through the nose called?
The nasal conchae
What is another name for the throat?
Pharynx
What is the superior part of the pharynx?
The nasopharynx
What comes after the nasopharynx, that is also apart of the pharynx?
oropharynx
What is the opening of the larynx called?
The glottis
What is the cartilage of the larynx also referred to as?
Adam’s apple
What is the name for the muscular folds of tissue that project into the larynx from its lateral walls?
Vocal cords
What is the flap of tissue that closes off the larynx during swallowing food and water called?
Epiglottis
Which part is located anterior to the oesophagus and extends from the larynx to the middle of the chest?
The trachea
How is the trachea supported?
C shaped rings of cartilage in its wall
The trachea divides into what?
The left and right main bronchi.
What happens once bronchus enters the lung, and what is it called?
Each bronchus branches repeatedly, and is referred to as the bronchial tree
What do bronchi divide into?
Bronchioles
What is the depression where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the lung called?
Hilus
What is the name for the middle of the thoracic cavity, that contains the heart, oesophagus, and thymus gland?
The mediastinum
What is the strong, dome-shaped muscle called that is also the floor of the thoracic cavity?
Diaphragm
What is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura called?
Pleural cavity
What is the thin film that coats alveoli, that also prevents the lungs from collapsing?
Pulmonary surfactant
What is the portion of the pleural membrane that lines the thoracic cavity called?
The parietal pleura
What is a cluster of microscopic air sacs called?
alveoli
What forms a sac enclosing the lungs and continues as a lining of the thoracic cavity?
The pleural membrane
What is a part of the pleural membrane that covers the lungs called?
The visceral pleura
What is the movement of air in and out of the lungs called?
Pulmonary ventilation
What is another name for inhalation?
Inspiration
What is another name for exhalation?
Expiration
What happens during inspiration?
The diaphragm contracts flattens and moves downward. . Ribs pull out
What happens during expiration?
muscles relax elastic lung recoils, pressure in lungs increase.
What prevents the lung from collapsing with each breath?
Air sacs do not completely deflate due to the difference in pressure from outside
Oxyhemoglobin easily dissociates to hemoglobin and which gas?
Oxygen
Most carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as which ions?
Bicarbonate ions
Mosy hydrogen ions released from carbonic acid combines with what compound?
Hemoglobin
Oxygen diffuses into the blood and enters what cells?
Red blood cells
What is a substance that lessens the change in hydrogen ion concentration?
Chemical buffer
In plasma, carbon dioxide slowly combines with water to form what?
Carbonic Acid
Red blood cells and hemoglobin form weak chemical bonds to produce what?
Oxyhemoglobin
Breathing is an involuntary process regulated by respiratory centres in which part of the brain?
Medulla
Respiratory centres in which part of the brain control the transition from inspiration to expiration?
The pons
The pons can stimulate or inhibit the respiratory centre in what part of the brain?
Medulla
What part of the brain becomes active only when we need to breathe forcefully?
Ventral region of the medulla
What is it called when someone takes a series of deep inhalations and exhalations quickly?
Hyperventilating
What does hyperventilating do?
Blow off carbon dioxide, reducing the content in alveolar air and blood.
What happens when we breathe dry air?
The bronchial tubes narrow.
What happens when bronchial tubes narrow from breathing dry air?
It increases the chances that inhaled particles land on the mucus in the respiratory pathway.
Chain smokers may live in a constant state of what?
Bronchial constriction
What are the two chronic pulmonary diseases?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Why are smokers lungs blackened?
The regular breathing of dirty air and carbon dioxide becomes deposited in the lungs
What is the main cause of lung cancer?
Cigarette smoking
What is the correct sequence for a breath of air moving from nostrils to alveoli? (7 steps)
Nasal cavities –> Pharynx –> larnyx –> Trachea –> primary bronchus –> bronchioles –> aveoli
The parts of the pharynx, in order, beginning at the nasal cavities are what?
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
The opening into the larynx is what?
The glottis
The trachea is located anterior to what?
The oesophagus
The network of branching air passageways within the lungs is referred to as what?
The bronchial tree
What covers the lungs?
Visceral pleura
What lines the thoracic cavity?
Partial pleura
What helps lungs from collapsing?
Pulmonary surfactant
What is the floor of the thoracic cavity?
The diaphragm
How is pulmonary ventilation achieved?
Inspiration and expiration
