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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 14 - Workbook > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

What is the exchange of gases between the body and the environment called?

A

Respiration

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2
Q

What is the opening of the nose?

A

Nostrils

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3
Q

What is another name for nares?

A

Nostrils

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4
Q

What is the voice box called?

A

Larynx

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5
Q

What are the microscopic air sacs in the lungs called?

A

Alveoli

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6
Q

What does the respiratory system consist of?

A

The lungs and the airway

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7
Q

What is the partition separating the two nasal cavities called?

A

Nasal septum

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8
Q

What are the small cavities in the bones of the skull connected with the nasal cavities called?

A

Paranasal sinuses

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9
Q

What is the windpipe called?

A

Trachea

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10
Q

What increases the surface area over which air passes as it moves through the nose called?

A

The nasal conchae

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11
Q

What is another name for the throat?

A

Pharynx

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12
Q

What is the superior part of the pharynx?

A

The nasopharynx

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13
Q

What comes after the nasopharynx, that is also apart of the pharynx?

A

oropharynx

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14
Q

What is the opening of the larynx called?

A

The glottis

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15
Q

What is the cartilage of the larynx also referred to as?

A

Adam’s apple

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16
Q

What is the name for the muscular folds of tissue that project into the larynx from its lateral walls?

A

Vocal cords

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17
Q

What is the flap of tissue that closes off the larynx during swallowing food and water called?

A

Epiglottis

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18
Q

Which part is located anterior to the oesophagus and extends from the larynx to the middle of the chest?

A

The trachea

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19
Q

How is the trachea supported?

A

C shaped rings of cartilage in its wall

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20
Q

The trachea divides into what?

A

The left and right main bronchi.

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21
Q

What happens once bronchus enters the lung, and what is it called?

A

Each bronchus branches repeatedly, and is referred to as the bronchial tree

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22
Q

What do bronchi divide into?

A

Bronchioles

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23
Q

What is the depression where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the lung called?

A

Hilus

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24
Q

What is the name for the middle of the thoracic cavity, that contains the heart, oesophagus, and thymus gland?

A

The mediastinum

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25
Q

What is the strong, dome-shaped muscle called that is also the floor of the thoracic cavity?

A

Diaphragm

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26
Q

What is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura called?

A

Pleural cavity

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27
Q

What is the thin film that coats alveoli, that also prevents the lungs from collapsing?

A

Pulmonary surfactant

28
Q

What is the portion of the pleural membrane that lines the thoracic cavity called?

A

The parietal pleura

29
Q

What is a cluster of microscopic air sacs called?

A

alveoli

30
Q

What forms a sac enclosing the lungs and continues as a lining of the thoracic cavity?

A

The pleural membrane

31
Q

What is a part of the pleural membrane that covers the lungs called?

A

The visceral pleura

32
Q

What is the movement of air in and out of the lungs called?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

33
Q

What is another name for inhalation?

A

Inspiration

34
Q

What is another name for exhalation?

A

Expiration

35
Q

What happens during inspiration?

A

The diaphragm contracts flattens and moves downward. . Ribs pull out

36
Q

What happens during expiration?

A

muscles relax elastic lung recoils, pressure in lungs increase.

37
Q

What prevents the lung from collapsing with each breath?

A

Air sacs do not completely deflate due to the difference in pressure from outside

38
Q

Oxyhemoglobin easily dissociates to hemoglobin and which gas?

A

Oxygen

39
Q

Most carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as which ions?

A

Bicarbonate ions

40
Q

Mosy hydrogen ions released from carbonic acid combines with what compound?

A

Hemoglobin

41
Q

Oxygen diffuses into the blood and enters what cells?

A

Red blood cells

42
Q

What is a substance that lessens the change in hydrogen ion concentration?

A

Chemical buffer

43
Q

In plasma, carbon dioxide slowly combines with water to form what?

A

Carbonic Acid

44
Q

Red blood cells and hemoglobin form weak chemical bonds to produce what?

A

Oxyhemoglobin

45
Q

Breathing is an involuntary process regulated by respiratory centres in which part of the brain?

A

Medulla

46
Q

Respiratory centres in which part of the brain control the transition from inspiration to expiration?

A

The pons

47
Q

The pons can stimulate or inhibit the respiratory centre in what part of the brain?

A

Medulla

48
Q

What part of the brain becomes active only when we need to breathe forcefully?

A

Ventral region of the medulla

49
Q

What is it called when someone takes a series of deep inhalations and exhalations quickly?

A

Hyperventilating

50
Q

What does hyperventilating do?

A

Blow off carbon dioxide, reducing the content in alveolar air and blood.

51
Q

What happens when we breathe dry air?

A

The bronchial tubes narrow.

52
Q

What happens when bronchial tubes narrow from breathing dry air?

A

It increases the chances that inhaled particles land on the mucus in the respiratory pathway.

53
Q

Chain smokers may live in a constant state of what?

A

Bronchial constriction

54
Q

What are the two chronic pulmonary diseases?

A

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema

55
Q

Why are smokers lungs blackened?

A

The regular breathing of dirty air and carbon dioxide becomes deposited in the lungs

56
Q

What is the main cause of lung cancer?

A

Cigarette smoking

57
Q

What is the correct sequence for a breath of air moving from nostrils to alveoli? (7 steps)

A

Nasal cavities –> Pharynx –> larnyx –> Trachea –> primary bronchus –> bronchioles –> aveoli

58
Q

The parts of the pharynx, in order, beginning at the nasal cavities are what?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

59
Q

The opening into the larynx is what?

A

The glottis

60
Q

The trachea is located anterior to what?

A

The oesophagus

61
Q

The network of branching air passageways within the lungs is referred to as what?

A

The bronchial tree

62
Q

What covers the lungs?

A

Visceral pleura

63
Q

What lines the thoracic cavity?

A

Partial pleura

64
Q

What helps lungs from collapsing?

A

Pulmonary surfactant

65
Q

What is the floor of the thoracic cavity?

A

The diaphragm

66
Q

How is pulmonary ventilation achieved?

A

Inspiration and expiration

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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