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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4 - Workbook > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

Some bones develop from a non-cartilage connective tissue scaffold in a process called what?

A

Intramembranous bone development

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2
Q

What do bones serve as to transmit muscular forces?

A

Levers

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3
Q

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

A

To reduce friction during movement and to absorb shock

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4
Q

What is the joint between two parietal bones in the midline called?

A

Sagittal suture

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5
Q

The two parietal bones are joined in the midline by which suture?

A

Sagittal

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6
Q

How many metacarpals are there?

A

5

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7
Q

What is the bone in the upper limb of the lower extremity / thigh called?

A

Femur

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8
Q

The axial skeleton consists of what 4 pieces?

A

The skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

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9
Q

What is the coccygeal area made up of?

A

3-5 fused vertebrae

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the bursae?

A

To cushion the movement of bone over other tissues

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11
Q

The paranasal sinuses are located in which 4 bones?

A

Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid

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12
Q

What is a thin layer of cells that line the yellow marrow cavity called?

A

Endosteum

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13
Q

What are ossicles?

A

6 very tiny bones in the middle ears

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14
Q

What is the expanded end of a bone called?

A

Epiphysis

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15
Q

The growth centres of the bones are called what?

A

Metaphyses

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16
Q

What is the joint capsule reinforced with?

A

Ligaments

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17
Q

The two fused bones at the base of the vertebral column are which?

A

The sacrum and the coccyx

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18
Q

What are the 14 finger bones called?

A

Phalanges

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19
Q

Bone formation is called what?

A

Ossification

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20
Q

How many auditory ossicles are there?

A

6

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21
Q

What are the cells called that produce bone by secreting the protein collagen?

A

Osteoblasts

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22
Q

What are bands of connective tissue that attaches to muscles and bones called?

A

Tendons

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23
Q

What is the joint between the parietal bones and occipital bone called?

A

Lambdoid suture

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24
Q

What is the bony framework of the head called?

A

Skull

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25
Q

What makes up the thoracic cage?

A

The sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, and 12 pairs of ribs.

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26
Q

Ligaments are bands of connective tissue that hold bones together. Where in the body does this happen?

A

The joints

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27
Q

What kind of bone is found within the epiphyses?

A

Spongy bone

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28
Q

What is the name of the girdle that encloses the pelvic cavity and supports the lower extremities?

A

Pelvic girdle

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29
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?

A

5

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30
Q

What is the bone growth centre in children called?

A

Metaphysis

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31
Q

What is the shoulder blade half of the pectoral girdle called?

A

Scapula

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32
Q

Later regions of the posterior part of the vertebra are called what?

A

Laminae

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33
Q

What are lateral projections from the centrum called?

A

Transverse processes

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34
Q

What are the hip bones called?

A

Coxal bones

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35
Q

What cells resorb (breakdown) bone?

A

Osteoclasts

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36
Q

What part provides support for the bones of the pectoral girdle and upper extremities and is important for breathing?

A

The thoracic cage

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37
Q

What is the joint where the coxal bones come together anteriorly called?

A

Pubic symphysis

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38
Q

What are the 5 bones in the main part of the foot called?

A

Metatarsals

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39
Q

What is the pelvic region also referred to as?

A

The sacral region

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40
Q

What are the 14 toe bones in the foot called?

A

Phalanges

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41
Q

What are the intervertebral discs?

A

tiny pads that act as shock absorbers

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42
Q

How many carpals are there?

A

8

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43
Q

What develops when bone tissue is broken down more quickly than it is produced?

A

Osteoporosis

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44
Q

What is the set of eight bones that enclose the brain called?

A

Cranium

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45
Q

How many phalanges are there?

A

14 in the fingers and 14 in the toes

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46
Q

What are the joints in a baby’s skull called where ossification is not yet complete?

A

Fontanelles

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47
Q

What 4 regions make up the vertebral column?

A

The cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, and sacral region.

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48
Q

What is the main shaft of a long bone called?

A

Diaphysis

49
Q

The skeleton of a fetus consists mainly of what?

A

Cartilage

50
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

A

7

51
Q

What is the chest region also referred to as?

A

The thoracic region

52
Q

What is the largest coxal bone found on top of the other coxal bones called?

A

Ilium

53
Q

What is another name for a joint?

A

An articulation

54
Q

What are the bones that form the central axis of the body called?

A

The axial skeleton

55
Q

What is the lower leg bone located medially to the fibula called?

A

Tibia

56
Q

What is the outer layer of a joint surface called?

A

Articular cartilage

57
Q

What is the layer of connective tissue that covers bones containing cells that produce bone called?

A

Periosteum

58
Q

Which column supports the body and protects the spinal cord?

A

Vertebral

59
Q

What is the lower leg bone located laterally to the tibia called?

A

Fibula

60
Q

What is the sacral region made up of?

A

One bone composed of 5 fused vertebrae

61
Q

What are bands of connective tissue that holds bones together at the joints?

A

Ligaments

62
Q

What are the air-filled spaces lined with mucous membranes called?

A

Sinuses

63
Q

What is the bone located on the lateral side of the forearm called?

A

Radius

64
Q

What are the sutures that join the skull bones called?

A

Synarthroses

65
Q

What is the sacral bone called?

A

Sacrum

66
Q

What is a joint/articulation?

A

a point of contact between two bones

67
Q

What are immovable joints that join bones of the skill called?

A

Sutures

68
Q

What kind of bone makes up the inner part of the wall of the diaphysis?

A

Spongy bone

69
Q

What marrow contains numerous fat storage cells?

A

Yellow marrow

70
Q

When osteoblasts become embedded in the bone matrix, they are called what?

A

Osteocytes

71
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?

A

12

72
Q

Mature bone cells located within each osteon are called what?

A

Osteocytes

73
Q

Movement of a bone, or limb, away from the midline of the body is called what?

A

Abduction

74
Q

What is the neck region also called?

A

The cervical region

75
Q

Which cells produce bone by secreting collagen?

A

Osteoblasts

76
Q

Where is the metaphysis located?

A

Between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

77
Q

What are the intervertebral disks composed of?

A

Cartilage

78
Q

How many ribs are in the thoracic cage?

A

12

79
Q

What is the rib cage also referred to as?

A

The thoracic cage

80
Q

Where do the blood vessels that nourish bone cells pass through?

A

Haversian canals

81
Q

What is the anterior bone of the coxal bone called?

A

Ischium

82
Q

Bones store and release minerals. Which are two major ones stored in bones?

A

Calcium and phosphorous

83
Q

How many metatarsals are there?

A

5

84
Q

What is the long bone in the upper limb called?

A

Humerus

85
Q

What joins the parietal bones to the frontal bone?

A

Coronal suture

86
Q

What is the most posterior bone of the coxal bones called?

A

Pubis

87
Q

What fills the spaces within the spongy bone?

A

Bone marrow

88
Q

The vertebra consists of two regions. What is the anterior region called?

A

The centrum

89
Q

The vertebra consists of two regions. What is the posterior, curved area called?

A

The neural arch

90
Q

A membrane on the joint capsule secrets a lubricant called what?

A

Synovial fluid

91
Q

What does the skeletal system provide to the body?

A

Support

92
Q

What is the name of the girdle that attaches the upper extremities to the axial skeleton?

A

Pectoral girdle

93
Q

What is the breast bone also called?

A

The sternum

94
Q

What is the back region also referred to as?

A

The lumbar region

95
Q

What is another name for the kneecap?

A

Patella

96
Q

What are the 8 small wrist bones called?

A

Carpals

97
Q

Is the cranial region a region of the vertebral column?

A

It is NOT

98
Q

What reabsorbs bone by secreting enzymes that digest collagen and hydrogen ions that dissolve crystals?

A

Osteoclasts

99
Q

What are the interlocking, spindle-shaped units that make up compact bone called?

A

Osteons

100
Q

What are the joints that do not permit movement called?

A

Synarthroses

101
Q

What is the joint capsule made of?

A

Tough, fibrous connective tissue

102
Q

The adult skull consists of how many bones?

A

22

103
Q

What is the bone located on the medial side of the forearm called?

A

Ulna

104
Q

What are the bones of the upper and lower extremities and bones that attach extremities to the axial skeleton?

A

The appendicular skeleton

105
Q

Osteoclasts are very large cells that do what?

A

Break down/RESORB bone

106
Q

What are the joints called that are freely movable, but their flexibility varies?

A

Diathroses / synovial joints

107
Q

Very dense, hard bone found near bone surfaces where strength is important are called what?

A

Compact bone

108
Q

What are the 7 bones in the back part of the foot and heel called?

A

Tarsals

109
Q

What kind of bone development develops long bones from a cartilage template in the fetus?

A

Endochondral bone development

110
Q

In adults, blood cells are produced by which three pieces?

A

Vertebrae, sternum, pelvis

111
Q

Movement of a bone, or limb, towards the midline is called what?

A

Adduction

112
Q

What are the fluid-filled sacs located between the bones and the tendons, as well as between bone and some other tissued?

A

Bursae

113
Q

In some bones, what are blood cells produced by?

A

Red marrow

114
Q

What are the five bones called that is in the palm of the hand?

A

Metacarpals

115
Q

What permits slight movement and helps absorb shock? Also, are the bones that are joined by cartilage.

A

Amphiarthroses

116
Q

How many tarsals are there?

A

7

117
Q

What is the diarthrodial joint surrounded by?

A

the joint capsule

118
Q

What is the collarbone called?

A

Clavicle

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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