Chapter 11 - Workbook Flashcards
slow heart rate; less that 60 beats per minute
bradycardia
What is each heartbeat initiated by?
SA node or pacemaker
outer layer of the heart; also called visceral pericardium; inner layer of pericardium
epicardium
middle layer of the heart; cardiac muscle that contracts to pump blood
myocardium
parasympathetic nerves release this neurotransmitter, which slows down the heart
acetylcholine
What is the wall between the ventricles
interventricular septum
The system of blood vessels that connect the heart and lungs
pulmonary circulation
valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
pulmonary semilunar
Where to pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to
left atrium
volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta in 1 minute
cardiac output
What pumps oxygen-poor blood into the pulmonary circulation?
right ventricle
in medulla of the brain; maintain control over parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, which signal the SA node
cardiac centers
What is the wall of the heart richly supplied in?
nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels
What receives oxygen-poor blood returning from the tissues?
right atrium
Muscular organ located in thorax between the lungs; pumps blood throughout the body
heart
fast heart rate; more than 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
Pumps oxygen-rich blood into the aorta
left ventricle
The greatest bulk of the heart wall, which is the cardiac muscle that contracts to pump the blood
myocardium
Largest artery of the systemic circulation
aorta
volume of blood pumped by one ventricle during one beat
stroke volume
connective tissue cords that hold AV valves in place; heart strings
chordae tendineae
Returns oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium
pulmonary veins
valves that guard the exits from the ventricles
semilunar
Where does blood flown through after passing through the capillaries in the heart wall?
coronary veins
What pumps blood into the great arteries leaving the heart?
ventricles
What are the dense bands that cardiac muscle fibers join at their ends?
intercalated disks
outer laying of pericardium; strong sac that helps to anchor heart within the thorax
parietal pericardium
the more blood delivered to the heart by the veins, the more blood the heart pumps
starling’s law
Carries blood to the lungs
pulmonary arteries
valves that guard the passageway between each atrium and ventricle; prevents blood backflow
antrioventricular (AV)
flaps of fibrous tissues that project from the heart wall; part of the AV valve
cusps
two-layer sac enclosing the heart
pericardium
smooth lining of the endocardium consisting of endothelial cells
endothelium
What is the small muscular pouch that increases the surface area of each atrium
auricle
What is the tight junctions between the muscle cells that allow impulse to pass rapidly from cell to cell?
intercalated disks
innermost layer of the heart; consists of smooth endothelial lining resting on connective tissue
endocardium
left AV valve, which has two cusps; mitral valve
bicuspid
Cardiac muscle fibers extend from fibers or ordinary cardiac muscle within the __________, and the impulse spreads through the ventricles
myocardium
amount of blood delivered to the heart by the veins
venous return
What receives blood returning from the heart from the veins?
atria
The heart can bear independently of its nerve supply because it has its own specialized ___________
conduction system
What is the wall between the atria
interatrial
sympathetic nerves release this, which speeds heart rate and increases strength of contractions
norepinephrine
The systemic circulation, or blood delivery system of the body begins with the ________
aorta
How many liters of blood can the heart pump per minute?
5-35 liters depending on the body’s need
space between two layers of pericardium
pericardial cavity
The atria acts as ___________ between contractions of the heart
reservoirs
valve between the left ventricle and aorta
aortic semilunar
The layers of the heart from the inside out
endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium
The heart is a double pump separated into left and right sides by a wall called________
septum
Two layers of the pericardium
epicardium and parietal pericardium
number of ventricular contractions per minute
heart rate
empties into the right atrium
coronary sinus
AV valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle, which has three cusps
tricuspid
includes sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and atrioventricular bundle
conduction system
Small mass of specialized muscle in the posterior wall of the right atrium
pacemaker or SA node
