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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 11 - Workbook > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

slow heart rate; less that 60 beats per minute

A

bradycardia

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2
Q

What is each heartbeat initiated by?

A

SA node or pacemaker

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3
Q

outer layer of the heart; also called visceral pericardium; inner layer of pericardium

A

epicardium

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4
Q

middle layer of the heart; cardiac muscle that contracts to pump blood

A

myocardium

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5
Q

parasympathetic nerves release this neurotransmitter, which slows down the heart

A

acetylcholine

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6
Q

What is the wall between the ventricles

A

interventricular septum

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7
Q

The system of blood vessels that connect the heart and lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

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8
Q

valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary semilunar

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9
Q

Where to pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to

A

left atrium

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10
Q

volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta in 1 minute

A

cardiac output

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11
Q

What pumps oxygen-poor blood into the pulmonary circulation?

A

right ventricle

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12
Q

in medulla of the brain; maintain control over parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, which signal the SA node

A

cardiac centers

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13
Q

What is the wall of the heart richly supplied in?

A

nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels

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14
Q

What receives oxygen-poor blood returning from the tissues?

A

right atrium

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15
Q

Muscular organ located in thorax between the lungs; pumps blood throughout the body

A

heart

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16
Q

fast heart rate; more than 100 beats per minute

A

tachycardia

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17
Q

Pumps oxygen-rich blood into the aorta

A

left ventricle

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18
Q

The greatest bulk of the heart wall, which is the cardiac muscle that contracts to pump the blood

A

myocardium

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19
Q

Largest artery of the systemic circulation

A

aorta

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20
Q

volume of blood pumped by one ventricle during one beat

A

stroke volume

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21
Q

connective tissue cords that hold AV valves in place; heart strings

A

chordae tendineae

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22
Q

Returns oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

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23
Q

valves that guard the exits from the ventricles

A

semilunar

24
Q

Where does blood flown through after passing through the capillaries in the heart wall?

A

coronary veins

25
Q

What pumps blood into the great arteries leaving the heart?

A

ventricles

26
Q

What are the dense bands that cardiac muscle fibers join at their ends?

A

intercalated disks

27
Q

outer laying of pericardium; strong sac that helps to anchor heart within the thorax

A

parietal pericardium

28
Q

the more blood delivered to the heart by the veins, the more blood the heart pumps

A

starling’s law

29
Q

Carries blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary arteries

30
Q

valves that guard the passageway between each atrium and ventricle; prevents blood backflow

A

antrioventricular (AV)

31
Q

flaps of fibrous tissues that project from the heart wall; part of the AV valve

A

cusps

32
Q

two-layer sac enclosing the heart

A

pericardium

33
Q

smooth lining of the endocardium consisting of endothelial cells

A

endothelium

34
Q

What is the small muscular pouch that increases the surface area of each atrium

A

auricle

35
Q

What is the tight junctions between the muscle cells that allow impulse to pass rapidly from cell to cell?

A

intercalated disks

36
Q

innermost layer of the heart; consists of smooth endothelial lining resting on connective tissue

A

endocardium

37
Q

left AV valve, which has two cusps; mitral valve

A

bicuspid

38
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers extend from fibers or ordinary cardiac muscle within the __________, and the impulse spreads through the ventricles

A

myocardium

39
Q

amount of blood delivered to the heart by the veins

A

venous return

40
Q

What receives blood returning from the heart from the veins?

A

atria

41
Q

The heart can bear independently of its nerve supply because it has its own specialized ___________

A

conduction system

42
Q

What is the wall between the atria

A

interatrial

43
Q

sympathetic nerves release this, which speeds heart rate and increases strength of contractions

A

norepinephrine

44
Q

The systemic circulation, or blood delivery system of the body begins with the ________

A

aorta

45
Q

How many liters of blood can the heart pump per minute?

A

5-35 liters depending on the body’s need

46
Q

space between two layers of pericardium

A

pericardial cavity

47
Q

The atria acts as ___________ between contractions of the heart

A

reservoirs

48
Q

valve between the left ventricle and aorta

A

aortic semilunar

49
Q

The layers of the heart from the inside out

A

endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium

50
Q

The heart is a double pump separated into left and right sides by a wall called________

A

septum

51
Q

Two layers of the pericardium

A

epicardium and parietal pericardium

52
Q

number of ventricular contractions per minute

A

heart rate

53
Q

empties into the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

54
Q

AV valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle, which has three cusps

A

tricuspid

55
Q

includes sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and atrioventricular bundle

A

conduction system

56
Q

Small mass of specialized muscle in the posterior wall of the right atrium

A

pacemaker or SA node

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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