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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 5 - Workbook > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

What are protein threads that compose myofibrils called?

A

Muscle filament

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2
Q

Circular muscles that surround the eyelids are called what?

A

Oricularis oculi

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3
Q

What happens when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other?

A

Muscle contraction

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4
Q

A muscle that contracts to produce a particular action is called what?

A

Agonist

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5
Q

What are inward extensions of the plasma membrane that surround myofibrils called?

A

Transverse tubules

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6
Q

When a motor nerve is disconnected from a muscle, the muscle loses tone and becomes what?

A

Flaccid

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7
Q

What is the attachment of the muscle to the more movable bone called?

A

Insertion

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8
Q

Depolarization may cause an electrical impulse to be generated in the muscle fibre which travels across the plasma membrane and spread through the T tubules. What is the electrical impulse called?

A

Action potential

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9
Q

What is a contractile protein that forms thick filaments called?

A

Myosin

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10
Q

The trapezius extends what?

A

The head and neck

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11
Q

What is the basic unit of muscle made of actin and myosin filaments?

A

Sarcomere

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12
Q

What are interwoven filaments that join sarcomeres at their ends called?

A

Z line

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13
Q

What is a contraction in which muscle tension increases, but muscle length does not change called?

A

Isometric

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14
Q

What is a muscle that produces the opposite movement to an agonist called?

A

Antagonist

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15
Q

Skeletal muscles produce movement by pulling on these, which pull on the bones. What are these?

A

Tendons

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16
Q

What is the connective tissue that wraps a fascicle called?

A

Perimysium

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17
Q

What is a cross-bridge?

A

Links actin and myosin filaments

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18
Q

What are the cells that make up each skeletal muscle called?

A

Muscle fibres

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19
Q

What is a bundle of muscle fibres called?

A

Fascicle

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20
Q

What is the connective tissue that covers a muscle called?

A

Epimysium

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21
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft between the motor neuron and the muscle fibre?

A

Acetylcholine

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22
Q

When additional energy is required, what is stored in muscle cells that is degraded to yield glucose?

A

Glycogen

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23
Q

What is a junction between neurons or between a neuron and an effector?

A

Synapses

24
Q

A contraction in which muscle shortens and thickens as it contracts while the muscle tone remains the same is called what?

A

Isotonic

25
Q

The deltoid abducts what?

A

The upper arm

26
Q

Depolarization of the T tubules triggers the release of what stored ion?

A

Calcium

27
Q

Muscles maintain a state of partial contraction called what?

A

Muscle tone

28
Q

What muscle flexes and adducts the leg?

A

Sartorius

29
Q

What is a contractile protein that forms thin filaments called?

A

Actin

30
Q

Muscle fibres stockpile something, which can transfer its stored energy to ATP as needed. What is the something?

A

Creatine Phosphate

31
Q

Release of inorganic phosphate from the myosin causes what?

A

Cross-bridges to flex

32
Q

What is another name for a prime mover?

A

Agonist

33
Q

In depolarization, calcium ions bind to the proteins on what?

A

Actin filament

34
Q

Which two muscles raise the jaw?

A

Masseter and temporalis

35
Q

What is the connective tissue that covers individual muscle fibres called?

A

Endomysium

36
Q

What fixes the origin of the prime mover so that its force is fully directed on the bone on which it inserts called?

A

Fixator

37
Q

The large, superficial muscle that extends the thigh and rotates the thigh medially at the hip is called what?

A

Gluteus

38
Q

What kind of nerve transmits impulses to muscle fibres, signalling them to contract?

A

Motor nerves

39
Q

The tibialis dorsiflexes what?

A

The foot at the ankle

40
Q

The oricularis oris closes and protrudes what?

A

The lips

41
Q

What increases the volume of the chest cavity in inspiration?

A

Diaphragm

42
Q

What is it called when one muscle moves an arm and another muscle undoes the motion?

A

Antagonistic

43
Q

What surrounds the muscle and merges with the tissues of the tendon?

A

The fascia

44
Q

What is a voluntary muscle attached to bone called?

A

Skeletal muscle

45
Q

What stabilizes joints so that undesirable movement does not occur?

A

Synergist

46
Q

Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft and combines with receptors on the surface of the muscle fibre causing what?

A

Depolarization

47
Q

When muscle cells break down glucose by anaerobic metabolism, what is a waste product?

A

Lactic acid

48
Q

What are the tough cords of connective tissue that anchor muscles to bones?

A

Tendons

49
Q

Release of inorganic phosphate from what causes the cross-bridges to flex?

A

Myosin

50
Q

What extends the forearm at the elbow?

A

The triceps brachii

51
Q

What is the pattern of transverse bands made up of overlapping muscle filaments called?

A

Striation

52
Q

Which muscles flex the leg at the knee?

A

Gastrocnemius

53
Q

When binding sites are exposed, ATP is split and energy is released which energizes what?

A

Myosin

54
Q

Attachment to a less movable bone is called what?

A

Origin

55
Q

What do neurotransmitters send signals across?

A

Synapses

56
Q

What is a threadlike structure that runs lengthwise through the muscle fibre called?

A

Myofibril

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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