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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 2 - Workbook > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

What portion of the membrane attaches to the wall of the cavity?

A

Parietal

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2
Q

What is the phase called where chromatin coil tightly, forming dark, X-shaped bodies?

A

Prophase

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3
Q

What are the little sacs called that contain digestive enzymes to destroy bacteria and foreign matter?

A

Lysosomes

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4
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

A solution with a solute concentration equal to that in the cell.

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5
Q

What muscle type is found in the walls of the digestive tract, and the fibres are not striated?

A

Smooth muscle

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6
Q

Which fibres provide great strength to body structures?

A

Collagen

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7
Q

What are cylindrical organelles composed of microtubules called?

A

Centrioles

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8
Q

What kind of epithelium cells consist of short cylinders, or cube-shaped cells?

A

Cuboidal

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9
Q

What are the rod-shaped bodies made up of chromatin?

A

Chromosomes

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10
Q

Signal molecules can bind to something on the surface of target cells. What is it?

A

Receptors

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11
Q

Which fibres are fine branched and support tissues and organs?

A

Reticular

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12
Q

What part of membranes covers the organs inside of a cavity?

A

Visceral

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13
Q

What surrounds and protects the cell, as well as regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell?

A

Plasma membrane

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14
Q

What is the correct order of events in the process of cell signalling?

A

Signal sent - reception - signal transduction - response

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15
Q

Active transport in which a cell ingests food or bacteria is called what?

A

Phagocytosis

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16
Q

Which type of tissue receive and transmits messages, and consists of neurons and glial cells?

A

Nervous tissue

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17
Q

What is it called when the number of chromosomes in developing sperm and ova are halved?

A

Meiosis

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18
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

A solution with solute concentration less than that of the cell.

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19
Q

What is the granular region within the nucleus that assembles ribosomes?

A

Nucleolus

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20
Q

Which glands do not have ducts, and release hormones?

A

Endocrine

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21
Q

Which muscles are attached to bones?

A

Skeletal muscles

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22
Q

What consists of a matrix containing osteocytes and osteons?

A

Bones

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23
Q

Cells communicate by sending what?

A

Signals

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24
Q

What is a membrane-enclosed sac that forms around large ingested particles that enter the cell?

A

A vacuole

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25
Q

What process requires the cell to expend metabolic energy?

A

Active transport

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26
Q

What is it called when a cell nucleus divides and complete sets of chromosomes move to each end of the cell?

A

Mitosis

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27
Q

What is the phase called where chromatids are positioned along the equator of the cell, and spindles attach to the centromere?

A

Metaphase

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28
Q

What protects the body by covering all free surfaces and lining cavities?

A

Epithelium

29
Q

What is active transport?

A

When a cell uses energy to move materials across a concentration gradient

30
Q

What part of the cell processes and packages proteins?

A

The Golgi complex

31
Q

What is adipose?

A

It stores fat as the body needs energy and provides insulation.

32
Q

What membrane lines body cavities that do not open to the outside of the body?

A

Serous

33
Q

Where does cellular respiration take place?

A

The mitochondria

34
Q

What are the organelles called that function as factories to manufacture proteins?

A

Ribosomes

35
Q

What is a small membrane-enclosed structure that holds or transports cargo within the cell?

A

A vesicle

36
Q

What kind of epithelium cells appear hexagonal in a cross-section and may contain cilia?

A

Columnar

37
Q

The sequence of the stages of mitosis is what?

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

38
Q

What kind of epithelium cells are thin and flattened?

A

Squamous

39
Q

Researchers use the greater resolving power of a __________ to discern the fine details of thin cross-sections of cells.

A

Transmission electron microscope

40
Q

What does the intercellular matrix consist of?

A

secreted matrix

41
Q

Active transport in which a plasma membrane traps drops of fluid is called what?

A

Pinocytosis

42
Q

What is the phase called where chromosomes begin to uncoil and disperse, and spindles disappear?

A

Telophase

43
Q

What membrane lines body cavities that are open to the outside of the body?

A

Mucous

44
Q

What is the final step called in reception?

A

Response

45
Q

Which tissues join other body tissues and provide a framework that supports and protects the organs?

A

Connective tissues

46
Q

What connective tissue membrane lines the joint cavities?

A

Synovial

47
Q

Reception of cells involves what specific cells?

A

Target cells

48
Q

What are duplicated chromosome pairs called?

A

Sister chromatids

49
Q

What is the difference between cilia and flagellum?

A

Cilia are on smaller, flagella are specific to sperm.

50
Q

When active transport occurs, what is pumped into the cell, and what is pumped out of the cell?

A 
In = potassium ions 
Out = sodium ions
51
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

52
Q

What process is it called when a receptor converts a signal outside of the cell to a signal inside the cell that affects cellular process?

A

Signal transduction

53
Q

Which glands have ducts, and most of them are multicellular?

A

Exocrine

54
Q

What separates connective tissues?

A

intercellular substance

55
Q

What is histology?

A

The microscopic study of tissue

56
Q

What makes up the cytoskeleton?

A

A dense network of protein filaments

57
Q

What provides structural support for the cell?

A

The cytoskeleton

58
Q

What is the phase called where sister chromatids separate and become independent chromosomes?

A

Anaphase

59
Q

What is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus called?

A

Nuclear envelope

60
Q

What is the control centre of the cell?

A

Nucleus

61
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

A solution with solute concentration more than that of the cell.

62
Q

What is the complex tunnel system made of membranes that extend throughout the cytoplasm called?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum

63
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water

64
Q

What tissue is found in vertebral disks and at the end of bones?

A

Cartilage

65
Q

What is the constricted region of each chromosome?

A

Centromere

66
Q

What is the jellylike material of the cell?

A

Cytoplasm

67
Q

Which fibres stretch and recoil when air is inhaled and exhaled?

A

Elastic

68
Q

Target cells receive the signal in a process called what?

A

Reception

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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