Chapter 10 - Workbook Flashcards
What are immature cells that multiply and give rise to blood cells?
stem cells
What lymphocytes are specialized to produce antibodies?
agranular leukocytes
Prothrombin is manufactured in this organ
liver
Basophils also contain a anticoagulant called ___________ , which helps prevent blood from clotting inappropriately within blood vessels
heparin
What globulin fraction contains antibodies that provide immunity to disease, such as measles and infectious hepatitis?
gamma globulin
What is the condition in which there is deficiency in red blood cells and hemoglobin?
anemia
The circulatory system of the body consists of what two subsystems?
cardiovascular and lymphatic
What acts as an enzyme that converts the plasma protein fibrinogen into fibrin?
thombin
What is the fluid inside of cells?
intracellular
Changes in the composition of plasma initiate responses by one or more organs of the body to restore ___________
homeostasis
__________ have lysosomes containing enzymes that destroy viruses and bacteria, some of their enzymes kill parasitic worms
eosinophils
What are platelets; tiny fragments of cytoplasm that prevent blood loss?
thrombocytes
Platelets and injured tissue release substances that activate these
clotting factors
What is the most important of the many Rh factors
antigen D
What do blood cells consist of?
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma
What hormone is blood cell production regulated by?
erythropoietin
What is an essential ingredient of hemoglobin?
iron
What hormone regulates red blood cell production?
erythropoietin
What is secreted by the kidneys in response to decreased oxygen concentration?
erythropoietin
_________ globulins include hormones and proteins that transport hormones
alpha
What helps regulate acid-base balance; protects the body against disease-causing organisms; transports nutrients from the digestive system to all the cells
cardiovascular system
Where are RBCs produced?
red bone marrow
What are transported through the blood?
nutrients, oxygen/carbon dioxide, and hormones
Basophils have granules in their _________
cytoplasm
What is the transportation system of the body?
circulatory system
What is a blood transfusion?
the transfer of whole blood, plasma, platelets, or other blood components from a healthy donor to a recipient
What plasma proteins are involved in the clotting process?
fibrinogen
What type of plasma proteins help regulate the distribution of fluid between plasma and interstitial fluid?
albumins and globulins
What pumps blood through the blood vessels?
heart
What are the large scavenger cells of the body?
macrophages
Oxygen combines weakly with hemoglobin to form this
oxyhemoglobin
What is the main phagocyte in the blood that ingest bacteria and dead cells?
neutrophils
Rh antigen is referred to as ________
Rh factor
What is a anemic condition in which red blood cells are destroyed?
hemolytic anemia
When clotting proteins are removed from plasma, the remaining liquid is called _________
serum
What is the subsystem that controls the heart, blood, and blood vessels?
cardiovascular
What is plasma protein that is covered in fibrin?
fibrinogen
What is a blood cancer in which certain stem cells multiply wildly within the bone marrow, crowding out other types of developing WBCs
leukemia
What catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to its active form?
prothrombin activator
What are the main phagocytes in the blood seeking out and ingesting bacteria?
neutrophils
What seals holes in the blood vessel wall?
platelet plug
Plasma protein that help keep the pH of the blood within a narrow homeostatic range are called what?
acid-base buffers
A person with the blood type B has what type of antibody?
anti-a
Monocytes give rise to _____________ cells, which destroy viruses
dendric
What is a pale, yellowish fluid that suspends blood cells and platelets?
plasma
White blood cells develop from stem cells in the ___________
red bone marrow
What are the three groups contained in plasma with specific properties and functions?
plasma protein
What transports oxygen and carbon dioxide and produce and package hemoglobin?
erythrocytes (RBC)
AB blood type can accept what type of blood
universal recipient
Another name for red blood cells
erythrocytes
What are some plasma protiens?
albumon, fibrogen, and globulins
Neutrophils contain ________ that digest ingested materials
enzymes
What type of agranular leukocytes migrate into connective tissues and develop into macrophages, the large scavenger cells of the body?
monocytes
Leukocytes; are specialized to defend the body against viruses, harmful bacteria, and many miroorganisms that cause disease
white blood cells (WBCs)
What must be matched carefully for compatibility before transfusion to prevent a transfusion reaction?
donor and recipient blood
Type O blood are called ________
universal donors
A person with the blood type A has what type of antibody?
anti-b
What is thinner in the centre that around the edge?
biconcave
People who do not have antigen D on their red blood cell surfaces are_________
Rh negative
What is the protein that forms long threads; the webbing of the clot?
fibrin
What is the red pigment that transports oxygen?
hemoglobin
What globulin is a protein involved in blood clotting and high-density lipoproteins, which transports fat and cholesterol
prothrombin
What process allows red blood cells to rupture, releasing hemoglobin into the plasma?
hemolysis
It releases histamine in injured tissues and in allergic responses, also helps prevent blood clots
basophils
Substances continuously move into and out of the plasma as blood passes through the _________
capillaries
What consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma?
blood
_________ globulins include other lipoproteins that transport fat and cholesterol, including low-density lipoproteins, and proteins that transport certain vitamins and minerals
beta
What system helps maintain fluid balance and protects the body against disease?
lymphatic
________ releases histamine in injured tissues and in allergic responses
basophils
What are the tiniest blood vessels?
capillaries
People who have antigen D on the surfaces of their red blood cells are said to be___________
Rh positive
What three groups are plasma proteins divided into?
albumins, globulins, and fribrinogen
What is the tissue called that bathes cells?
interstitial fluid
WBCs leave the circulation and move through tissues destroying bacteria and engulfing dead cells and foreign matter by the process of what?
phagocytosis
