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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 10 - Workbook > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

What are immature cells that multiply and give rise to blood cells?

A

stem cells

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2
Q

What lymphocytes are specialized to produce antibodies?

A

agranular leukocytes

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3
Q

Prothrombin is manufactured in this organ

A

liver

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4
Q

Basophils also contain a anticoagulant called ___________ , which helps prevent blood from clotting inappropriately within blood vessels

A

heparin

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5
Q

What globulin fraction contains antibodies that provide immunity to disease, such as measles and infectious hepatitis?

A

gamma globulin

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6
Q

What is the condition in which there is deficiency in red blood cells and hemoglobin?

A

anemia

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7
Q

The circulatory system of the body consists of what two subsystems?

A

cardiovascular and lymphatic

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8
Q

What acts as an enzyme that converts the plasma protein fibrinogen into fibrin?

A

thombin

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9
Q

What is the fluid inside of cells?

A

intracellular

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10
Q

Changes in the composition of plasma initiate responses by one or more organs of the body to restore ___________

A

homeostasis

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11
Q

__________ have lysosomes containing enzymes that destroy viruses and bacteria, some of their enzymes kill parasitic worms

A

eosinophils

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12
Q

What are platelets; tiny fragments of cytoplasm that prevent blood loss?

A

thrombocytes

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13
Q

Platelets and injured tissue release substances that activate these

A

clotting factors

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14
Q

What is the most important of the many Rh factors

A

antigen D

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15
Q

What do blood cells consist of?

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

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16
Q

What hormone is blood cell production regulated by?

A

erythropoietin

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17
Q

What is an essential ingredient of hemoglobin?

A

iron

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18
Q

What hormone regulates red blood cell production?

A

erythropoietin

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19
Q

What is secreted by the kidneys in response to decreased oxygen concentration?

A

erythropoietin

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20
Q

_________ globulins include hormones and proteins that transport hormones

A

alpha

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21
Q

What helps regulate acid-base balance; protects the body against disease-causing organisms; transports nutrients from the digestive system to all the cells

A

cardiovascular system

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22
Q

Where are RBCs produced?

A

red bone marrow

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23
Q

What are transported through the blood?

A

nutrients, oxygen/carbon dioxide, and hormones

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24
Q

Basophils have granules in their _________

A

cytoplasm

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25
Q

What is the transportation system of the body?

A

circulatory system

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26
Q

What is a blood transfusion?

A

the transfer of whole blood, plasma, platelets, or other blood components from a healthy donor to a recipient

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27
Q

What plasma proteins are involved in the clotting process?

A

fibrinogen

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28
Q

What type of plasma proteins help regulate the distribution of fluid between plasma and interstitial fluid?

A

albumins and globulins

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29
Q

What pumps blood through the blood vessels?

A

heart

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30
Q

What are the large scavenger cells of the body?

A

macrophages

31
Q

Oxygen combines weakly with hemoglobin to form this

A

oxyhemoglobin

32
Q

What is the main phagocyte in the blood that ingest bacteria and dead cells?

A

neutrophils

33
Q

Rh antigen is referred to as ________

A

Rh factor

34
Q

What is a anemic condition in which red blood cells are destroyed?

A

hemolytic anemia

35
Q

When clotting proteins are removed from plasma, the remaining liquid is called _________

A

serum

36
Q

What is the subsystem that controls the heart, blood, and blood vessels?

A

cardiovascular

37
Q

What is plasma protein that is covered in fibrin?

A

fibrinogen

38
Q

What is a blood cancer in which certain stem cells multiply wildly within the bone marrow, crowding out other types of developing WBCs

A

leukemia

39
Q

What catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to its active form?

A

prothrombin activator

40
Q

What are the main phagocytes in the blood seeking out and ingesting bacteria?

A

neutrophils

41
Q

What seals holes in the blood vessel wall?

A

platelet plug

42
Q

Plasma protein that help keep the pH of the blood within a narrow homeostatic range are called what?

A

acid-base buffers

43
Q

A person with the blood type B has what type of antibody?

A

anti-a

44
Q

Monocytes give rise to _____________ cells, which destroy viruses

A

dendric

45
Q

What is a pale, yellowish fluid that suspends blood cells and platelets?

A

plasma

46
Q

White blood cells develop from stem cells in the ___________

A

red bone marrow

47
Q

What are the three groups contained in plasma with specific properties and functions?

A

plasma protein

48
Q

What transports oxygen and carbon dioxide and produce and package hemoglobin?

A

erythrocytes (RBC)

49
Q

AB blood type can accept what type of blood

A

universal recipient

50
Q

Another name for red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

51
Q

What are some plasma protiens?

A

albumon, fibrogen, and globulins

52
Q

Neutrophils contain ________ that digest ingested materials

A

enzymes

53
Q

What type of agranular leukocytes migrate into connective tissues and develop into macrophages, the large scavenger cells of the body?

A

monocytes

54
Q

Leukocytes; are specialized to defend the body against viruses, harmful bacteria, and many miroorganisms that cause disease

A

white blood cells (WBCs)

55
Q

What must be matched carefully for compatibility before transfusion to prevent a transfusion reaction?

A

donor and recipient blood

56
Q

Type O blood are called ________

A

universal donors

57
Q

A person with the blood type A has what type of antibody?

A

anti-b

58
Q

What is thinner in the centre that around the edge?

A

biconcave

59
Q

People who do not have antigen D on their red blood cell surfaces are_________

A

Rh negative

60
Q

What is the protein that forms long threads; the webbing of the clot?

A

fibrin

61
Q

What is the red pigment that transports oxygen?

A

hemoglobin

62
Q

What globulin is a protein involved in blood clotting and high-density lipoproteins, which transports fat and cholesterol

A

prothrombin

63
Q

What process allows red blood cells to rupture, releasing hemoglobin into the plasma?

A

hemolysis

64
Q

It releases histamine in injured tissues and in allergic responses, also helps prevent blood clots

A

basophils

65
Q

Substances continuously move into and out of the plasma as blood passes through the _________

A

capillaries

66
Q

What consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma?

A

blood

67
Q

_________ globulins include other lipoproteins that transport fat and cholesterol, including low-density lipoproteins, and proteins that transport certain vitamins and minerals

A

beta

68
Q

What system helps maintain fluid balance and protects the body against disease?

A

lymphatic

69
Q

________ releases histamine in injured tissues and in allergic responses

A

basophils

70
Q

What are the tiniest blood vessels?

A

capillaries

71
Q

People who have antigen D on the surfaces of their red blood cells are said to be___________

A

Rh positive

72
Q

What three groups are plasma proteins divided into?

A

albumins, globulins, and fribrinogen

73
Q

What is the tissue called that bathes cells?

A

interstitial fluid

74
Q

WBCs leave the circulation and move through tissues destroying bacteria and engulfing dead cells and foreign matter by the process of what?

A

phagocytosis

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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