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Government > Chapter 7 Section Reviews > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Section Reviews Flashcards

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1
Q

What is federalism?

A

Government power divided into two or more levels

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2
Q

What is the popular nickname for the “necessary and proper” clause? Why is it called this?

A
  • Elastic Clause is the nickname

- Congress is able to stretch the meaning of that clause in order to sanction its actions

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3
Q

Which constitutional amendment guarantees the reserved powers of the states and of the people?

A

10th Amendment

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4
Q

From what source do local, state, and national governments derive their respective powers?

A

State and national powers are derived from the constitution. Local power is derived from state power.

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5
Q

What factor makes it possible for states to differ from one another?

A

The constitution gives state Sovereignty over many aspects of their government.

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6
Q

What matters does the full faith and credit clause most often relate to?

A

Judicial matters

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7
Q

What are the two exceptions to the “full faith and credit” clause?

A
  • This section deals with civil not criminal law

- States are not required to give full faith and credit in every case of divorce.

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8
Q

How does the “privileges and immunities” clause protect American citizens?

A

It guarantees a person’s rights cannot be set aside when he visits another state.

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9
Q

In what cases may states make a distinction between residents and nonresidents?

A

States may distinguish between residents and nonresidents concerning state university tuition and hunting and fishing licenses.

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10
Q

Define extradition. How did states historically interpret “shall on demand”?

A
  • Extradition - Legal process of returning an alleged criminal to the state he was charged.
  • As a suggestion not a command
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11
Q

What Court decision established the national government’s right to force a state to extradite a fugitive?

A

Puerto Rico vs Branstad

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12
Q

What clause establishes the proper relationship between state and national governments? Why did the founders include that article in the Constitution?

A
  • Supremacy clause, Article VI section II

- Included it because of the potential of conflict between the states and the national government.

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13
Q

How does today’s state loyalty differ from the loyalty felt in the early days of the American Republic?

A

Citizens were once loyal to the states as of the national government. Today however the federal government plays a far greater role in the lives of the citizens.

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14
Q

List four defenders of states’ rights and the states they represented.

A

Robert Eli - Virginia
Thomas Jefferson - Virginia
James Madison - Virginia
John C. Calhoun - South Carolina

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15
Q

Describe and illustrate the concept of dual federalism.

A
  • Dual federalism is the system in which national and state governments exercise authority within their own spheres
  • In modern America, dual federalism is like a marble cake.
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16
Q

What event was the beginning of the end for federalism as the founders envisioned it.

A

Northern victory in the civil war

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17
Q

What event in America’s history significantly changed Americans’ perceptions of the federal government?

A

Great Depression

18
Q

Did the federal bureaucracy continue to grow during Ronald Reagan’s presidency? Why or why not?

A

Yes. It was inevitable because of the interdependence of a nation bound by national transportation and television.

19
Q

What are the basic differences among the three forms of federal grants-in-aid?

A
  • Categorical grants are those given to state and local governments for a specific purpose and with certain guidelines for their use.
  • Block grants combine several categorical grants under a general umbrella.
  • Revenue sharing - national government allocates some of its tax revenues to the states.
20
Q

What is the difference between a formula grant and a project grant?

A
  • A formula grant is governed by demographic formulas in a given area.
  • A project grant permits greater discretion in how much aid is given to a project.
21
Q

What four obligations does the Constitution place on the national government in its relationship to the states?

A
  • The national government must honor the territorial rights of the states
  • Must guarantee each state a republic form of government
  • Must protect states from foreign evasion
  • It may intervene because state needs help of suppressing domestic violence
22
Q

What two political forces help preserve the division between the state and national levels of government?

A
  • Congressmen are responsible to the states and districts that elected them.
  • Political parties are also built on the state level and are largely independent of their national organizations.
23
Q

How has the federal government used federal aid to gain control of state prerogatives?

A

Grants come with “strings” attached. In return for the extra money, state and local governments have given up a measure of control over important prerogatives such as public education.

24
Q

Why is it difficult to reverse the policy of federal grants and to reduce federal costs?

A

Each locale that benefits from federal grants is more concerned about keeping its own benefits than serving the broader needs of the country.

25
Q

Why do leaders in the Frostbelt say the current distribution of federal grants is unfair?

A

The Sunbelt generally receives more in grants than it pays in taxes, and some areas of the Frostbelt pay more in taxes than they receive in grants.

26
Q

What form of government is based on resisting tyranny through limited government and limiting that government by distributing and dividing power among several government levels and organizations?

A

Federalism

27
Q

With which level of government are the reserved powers generally associated?

A

State powers

28
Q

What is federalism?

A

The belief that limited government is a restraint to tyranny and that limiting government is to divide and to distribute power among government levels and organizations

29
Q

What defines the limits of the authority of the national government?

A

Delegated powers

30
Q

What is “full faith and credit”? Where is it found in the Constitution?

A

Each state respects the laws, official records, and judicial rulings of other states. Article IV, Section 1

31
Q

Which Supreme Court case determined that states may not raise revenue at the expenses of the federal government?

A

McCulloch v. Maryland

32
Q

What is extradition?

A

The legal process of returning an alleged criminal to the state in which he/she is charged

33
Q

What are categorical grants?

A

Federal programs that supply money for specific purposes within the state and local government

34
Q

What are two exceptions to the “full faith and credit clause”?

A
  1. Deals with only civil law, not criminal

2. States are not required to give full faith and credit in every case of divorce

35
Q

What is the source of implied powers?

A

Enumerated powers

36
Q

Since 1913, what had provided a continuous source of money for the national government?

A

Income tax

37
Q

Before 1913, were senators elected?

A

No

38
Q

Prior to Civil War, what was the general attitude towards the national identity?

A

More people identifying with their state rather than their country

39
Q

How does America benefit from federalism?

A

It checks tyranny by permitting no single institution to hold all the reigns of authority

40
Q

What are problems related to federalism?

A

Growing national debt, not all states are created equal, completion between states for federal tax dollars, federal aid is different based on population, and paying for national debt

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