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Government > Chapter 6 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Supreme Court case that established the right of judicial review

A

Marbury v. Madison

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2
Q

Branch of government that makes the laws

A

Legislative branch

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3
Q

First ten amendments of the Constitution

A

Bill of Rights

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4
Q

Division of power between the nation and state levels of government

A

Federalism

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5
Q

The idea that people are the ultimate source of government’s power

A

Popular Sovereignty

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6
Q

Constitutional clause giving lawmakers great leeway in making laws, giving the Constitution the ability to grow

A

“Necessary and proper clause”

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7
Q

The minimum number of members needs to transact business in the House in the Senate

A

Quorum

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8
Q

The formal introduction of a constitutional amendment

A

Proposal

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9
Q

The formal approval process of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty

A

Ratification

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10
Q

The principle of separating powers among different branches of government and that any interpretation should be kept to a minimum

A

Separation of powers

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11
Q

Another name for the necessary and proper clause.

A

Elastic clause

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12
Q

Those who believe that the text of the Constitution is important and that any interpretation should be kept to a minimum.

A

Strict constructionists

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13
Q

The president’s power to refuse to sign a bill in to law

A

Veto

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14
Q

A court order that forces authorities to quickly charge and try an arrested person or else release him

A

Writ of habeas corpus

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15
Q

A legislative branch divided into two separate houses

A

Bicameral

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16
Q

Money deposited to guarantee a court appearance; allows the accused freedom while awaiting trial

A

Bail

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17
Q

A bill permitting punishment without trial

A

Bill of attainder

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18
Q

Supreme Court case expanded the Third and Fourth Amendments to imply a right to privacy as one of American citizens’ fundamental rights

A

Griswold v. Connecticut

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19
Q

Those who take a broader and sometimes more creative approach to constitutional interpretation

A

Broad constructionists

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20
Q

The principle of keeping each branch of government in check through the power of another branch of government with the goal of hindering the concentration of power and this protecting personal liberty

A

Check and balances

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21
Q

A principle that limits government to not those powers granted by law

A

Limited government

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22
Q

Occurs when one branch of government purposely brings the political to a halt

A

Gridlock

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23
Q

When the Houses power to file criminal charges against the president or any other government officials and the Senate acts as the trial court

A

Impeachment

24
Q

Honorary position given to the most senior member of the Senate’s majority party; he presides over the Senate when the Vice President is not there

A

President pro tempore

25
Q

The process by which a foreign born person gains citizenship

A

Naturalization

26
Q

Published false statements that damage reputation of character

A

Libel

27
Q

The power of the judicial branch of the government to examine any government action and to nullify it if it is not in agreement with the courts constitutional interpretation

A

Judicial review

28
Q

Laws passed and applied to actions that were not criminal when they were committed; laws that impose harsher punishments

A

Ex post facto law

29
Q

The privilege enabling members of Congress to send official mail free of charge

A

Franking privilege

30
Q

Official government count of the United States citizens taken every ten years and used to determine the number of representatives for each state

A

Census

31
Q

The automatic veto of a bill if the president leaves it unsigned for ten days during a congressional adjournment

A

Pocket veto

32
Q

The modern militia

A

The National Guard

33
Q

Responsible to bring in members of both houses who are absent and needed to make up a quorum

A

Sergeant at arms

34
Q

Outlines the purposes for the government and helps justify the closer union between the states

A

Preamble

35
Q

Branch that views the constitutionality of laws that are passed

A

Judicial branch

36
Q

Journal or record kept by each house of what it does each day

A

The Congressional Record

37
Q

More formal means of adapting the Constitution to change

A

Amendment process

38
Q

Each voter had to pay a tax to vote

A

Poll tax

39
Q

Grants of money allocated by Congress to finance government programs

A

Appropriations

40
Q

Branch of government whose primary function is to carry out the nations laws

A

Executive branch

41
Q

The system used to elect the U.S. president; each state has a number of electors equal to the state’s representation

A

Electoral college

42
Q

The presidential power a person a temporary postponement of punishment

A

Reprieve

43
Q

The president’s power to give complete forgiveness of a crime and its consequent punishment thereby releasing someone from the remainder of their sentence

A

Pardon

44
Q

A court’s power to hear a case before it is considered by any other court

A

Original jurisdiction

45
Q

A court’s power to decide appeals

A

Appellate jurisdiction

46
Q

Legal process of returning a fugitive to the state in which they had been charged with a crime

A

Extradition

47
Q

Constitutional clause that upholds the United States Constitution as the Supreme law of the nation

A

Supremacy Clause

48
Q

False verbally communicated statements which damage one’s reputation or character

A

Slander

49
Q

A portion of a statute that provides that the law is not applicable in certain circumstances due to preexisting facts

A

Grandfather clause

50
Q

The right to vote; also known as a franchise

A

Suffrage

51
Q

The redrawing of district boundaries to favor a particular party of group of people

A

Gerrymandering

52
Q

Forbidding the manufacture, sale, or transportation of liquor

A

Prohibition

53
Q

An elected official who is still in office, but has not been reelected; often refers to a president who has lost an election or cannot stand for reelection and must serve out the remainder of their term

A

Lame duck

54
Q

A jury consisting of citizens who consider the prosecution’s case against the accused and decide whether to issue an indictment

A

Grand jury

55
Q

A document requiring a person to appear as a witness before a court or congressional hearing

A

Subpoena

56
Q

Certain legal procedures by which the government must abide in order to protect the rights of the accused

A

Due process

Government (30 decks)

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