Chapter 13 Notes Flashcards
What important feature has remained unchanged in the nation?
The president is still entrusted with the most important office in the land
What are the two main avenues to the White House?
a successful military career or a course through lower-level politics
Name a few presidents who took the military avenue.
Washington
Jackson
Grant
Eisenhower
Who is the most powerful person in the country?
**The president** Mr. President The leader of the USA The big man The one with the gun That one guy everyone blames our country for Salt Bae
What are direct primaries?
A method that was proposed to give the people a stronger voice in choosing the parties’ candidates to run for presidency
In 1903, which state became the first state to allow direct primaries for state offices?
Wisconsin
The states that do not hold primaries use a form of district and state conventions generally known as a _______. Which state is the most prominent in using this?
Caucus
Iowa
What are closed primaries?
Primaries that require participants to be registered members of one party and vote for only one candidate from that party.
What are the party leaders’ major fear?
crossover voting
When one party has a primary with a strong leading candidate who is certain of winning the nomination, its members could “cross over” to vote for a weak candidate in the opposing party’s primary, and thereby cause confusion or greater difficulty in the opponent’s nomination
T
Who two states hold caucuses in the election year?
Iowa and New Hampshire
Now the committee members who make the choice for the party are usually most concerned with what?
locating it in a place with an appropriately large convention center and ample hotels, restaurants, and entertainment for the delegates, reporters, campaign workers, and the curious who will flood the city for nearly a week
What is a party platform?
The party’s formal statement of its position on current issues
The Democratic Party instituted another change in its selection of delegates by including a specified percentage of superdelegates, party leaders and officeholders, to serve as uncommitted delegates.
T
What is the highlight of the first day?
The keynote address
What is the keynote address?
Speech made at the national convention by a leading party member
What is a brokered convention?
A convention requiring lengthy balloting and eventual settlement by mean of bargaining and compromise.
What changed everything?
Television
In 1960, who were the first presidential candidates to broadcast their debates on national television?
John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon
When is the election held?
held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November
What does the media use to predict the outcome of elections?
Exit polls
What are exit polls?
Public polls taken by various polling agencies as voters leave their voting place.
How is the president elected?
By the electoral college
How is the number of electoral votes of each state determined?
by its total number of House and Senate members
To win, a candidate must gain _____ of electoral votes.
270
the House of Representatives chooses the president from among the three leading candidates, with each state casting one vote. By House rule, each state’s vote is allotted to the candidate preferred by a majority of the state’s House delegation. If there is a tie within a delegation, that state’s vote is not counted.
T
How is a president chosen if no candidate gets a majority of the voters’ cast in the electoral college?
The House of Representatives allows each state one vote. Each state’s vote is allotted to the candidate preferred by a majority of the state’s house delegation.
Name the two presidential elections that have been thrown into the House of Representatives.
In 1800 Thomas Jefferson was chosen over Aaron Burr, and in 1824 John Quincy Adams was chosen over Andrew Jackson and William H. Crawford.
What established the inaugural address?
Washington gave a special speech after his first swearing-in.
Who was the first to be sworn in as president in Washington, D.C.?
Jefferson
Who attended the first official inaugural ball?
Madison and his wife, Dolley
Whose inauguration was the first to be outdoor?
Monroe
What are executive orders?
presidential directives or actions that have the effect and force of law
What are pardons?
The president’s power to give complete forgiveness of a crime and its punishment
What changed the inauguration date and when is it?
Congress adopted the Twentieth Amendment, which changed the date to January 20.
Which president was the first to be inaugurated under the new amendment on January 20, 1937.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
After President Kennedy’s assassination, Lyndon Johnson took the oath of office in the conference room aboard Air Force One at Love Field, Dallas, Texas.
T
Most presidential inaugurations have taken place on the ____________
East Portico of the U.S. Capitol
What event wraps up the first day of a party’s national convention?
Keynote speaker
Who chooses a vice-presidential candidate today?
The presidential candidate
Why were states slow to adopt the use of primary elections?
Long, expensive, demanding, and reluctance of candidates to campaign for primaries
ESSAY
Discuss the considerations in choosing a vice-presidential candidate.
- balance the ticket
- refers to a presidential candidate’s choosing a running mate who can strengthen his chance of being elected due to specific ideology, geography, race, gender, or other characteristics.
- Represent his ideology, exactly or milder
- example: In 1960 John Kennedy, a Roman Catholic from Massachusetts, chose Lyndon Johnson, a Texas Protestant
ESSAY
Outline the steps to presidency.
- Candidate announces his or her plan to run for the presidency.
- Candidate campaigns to win delegate and potential voter support.
- Caucuses and primary elections take place in the states.
- The nominee for president is announced at the national party convention, and the election campaign begins.
- Citizens cast their votes on the Tuesday after the first Monday of November.
- The electoral college casts its votes on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December.
- The president is inaugurated on January 20.
_________ are party representatives who pledge to support the candidate’s nomination at the national party convention.
Delegates
Methods that the general public uses to be part of nominating presidential candidates.
Causes and primary elections
What does a presidential candidate do?
attends various events
makes speeches
debates other presidential candidates.
In every state except ________ and _________, all the electoral votes go to the candidate who leads the popular vote.
Maine and Nebraska
