Chapter 5 Terms Flashcards
Organized government that provides order and leadership in localized communities such as counties, municipalities, towns, and cities
Local government
Government by elected representative assembly
Legislative government
Principle that limits government to only those powers granted by law
Limited government
The first representative assembly in the New World
House of Burgesses (1619)
Years after the Revolution, John Adams concluded that the Revolution began not on the battlefields of Lexington and Concord in 1775 but this year.
1760
The first internal tax on goods produced and consumed entirely within the colonies
Stamp Act (1765)
A document guaranteeing basic civil liberties to all British subjects.
Petition of Right
An act of protest in which business withheld their business or support
Boycott
In response to calls from Virginia and Massachusetts assemblies, delegates gathered in Philadelphia in 1774
First Continental Congress (1774)
Appointed George Washington to lead the Continental Army
Second Continental Congress (1775-89)
The formal document, written by Thomas Jefferson, which established the principles of government that justified the colonies’ break with England
Declaration of Independence
Wrote the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Jefferson
First signer of the Declaration of Independence
John Hancock
A period of Christian politics in the thirteen American colonies
Age of Enlightenment
Theory of government that states that government is formed by the consent of the governed
Social Contract
A religious outgrowth of the Enlightenment
Deism
A trade dispute between Virginia and Maryland, as well as Shay’s Rebellion, highlighted the weaknesses of this document
Articles of Confederation
The year that the Articles of Confederation were sent to the thirteen colonies for their approval
1777
The formal approval process of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty.
Ratification
Maryland helped out until this year because of a squabble with Virginia over western land claims
1781
A legislature made up of only one house
Unicameral
Home of George Washington
Mount Vernon (1785)
Poorly attended convention. Only five states sent representatives.
Annapolis Convention (1786)
Began May 25, 1787, lasted four months, and resulted in the signing of the Constitution.
Constitutional Convention (1787)
Unanimously elected to head the Constitutional Convention
George Washington
Father of the Constitution
James Madison
Plan advocated a bicameral congress, with the number of representatives based on state population or on the amount of revenue a state provided the national government.
Virginia Plan
Advocated a unicameral Congress, maintaining the one-state-one-vote principle of the Confederation.
New Jersey Plan
Proposed making representation in the lower house based on state population, whereas representation in the Senate would be equal for all states regardless of size.
Connecticut (Great) Compromise
Slaves would count as ?/? of a person for purposes of representation in the House
Three-Fifths Compromise
Delegates gathered to sign the official engrossed copy of the Constitution
September 17, 1787
Felt that because they were appointed to the Constitutional Convention by legitimate means, they believed they had the right to construct a new document
Federalists
Thought the Convention should have only amended the Articles of Convention and the delegates went beyond their power when writing the Constitution.
Anti-Federalists
Published essays that defended the Constitution
The Federalist Papers
The year that the world’s first constitutional democracy was instituted
1789
