Chapter 7 American Revolution Flashcards
One advantage the United States enjoyed as the American Revolution began was what?
officers and troops who had gained military experience by fighting in the various colonial wars.
The most important element of the US in the victory against Great Britain was what?
the Commitment of the Continental Army
The largest number of loyalists who left the United States during the Revolution moved where?
Canada
What was the first nation to sign a formal treaty of alliance with the US?
France
Which side did the Indians support for the most part?
Great Britain
Did the slaves participate in the war?
yes, they supported the war effort in a variety of ways
To the British, the war was turned upside-down at where?
Yorktown
What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create?
a relatively weak central government
What was Congress’s major task in the 1780’s?
passing important ordinances dealing with the western territories and with the admission of new states.
The most famous African American writer during the Revolutionary era was?
Phyllis Wheatly
How many Americans were killed in the war?
25,000
How did women participate in the war(3)?
some fought, some travelled with the soldiers, some just stayed at home and supported the effort
How did the patriots treat the loyalists?
they took away all of their civil rights
Why was Benedict Arnold considered the most hated man in America.
He was a war hero who became a traitor
What was the original British strategic plan?
take New York City then take albany, completely cutting off New England.
Who won the Battle of Long Island?
the British
Did the war continue on after Yorktown?
yes but only in minor battles
When does the war finally end?
1783
Who were the Hessians?
hired British mercenaries
What battle was considered the turning point of the war?
Saratoga
Why did the soldiers get mad at the government?
they did not receive a penchant
What was the name of the speech given to the soldiers after the war and who gave it?
Newburgh Address by George Washington
What do land ordinances do?
set up blocks of land/townships
What does the Northwest ordinance establish?
allow a petition to become a state
What two reasons did we have the revolutionary war?
for less taxes and more freedom
Who was Mercy Otis
a political writer who thought politics and war were thought to be the province of men
What side was General William Howe on?
British
What is Valley Forge and what happened to many there?
a military camp in Pennsylvania consisting of many log cabins. Many soldiers died of disease and starvation.
Who led the battles of Trenton & Princeton on the colonial side and what major strategy did he use?
Washington used the element of surprise by sneaking up on the Delaware.
What two things were significant about the Battle of Saratoga?
it was a turning point in the revolution and it helped convince the French to fight on the American side
What did the Treaty of Alliance create?
a defensive alliance between France and America
Who was Joseph Brant and what 3 positions did he hold?
a mohawk indian Chief who was a spokesperson for his tribe, a Christian missionary, and a British military officer
What did Lord Dunmore’s proclamation promise?
freedom for all slaves who served in the British Army
What side was General Gates on and what major battle did he fight in?
Saratoga
Who won the Battle of Kings Mountain in the South?
America
Who was General Rochambeau?
a French General who commanded the French forces at Yorktown
Who was General Cornwallis?
most capable British general during the revolution but suffered the ultimate defeat at Yorktown
What 3 major political positions did John Jay hold?
president of the continental congress, the chief justice of the supreme court, and secretary of foreign affairs
Who was Baron von Steuben and what did he do for the American army?
German officer who served the cause of U.S. independence by converting the revolutionary army into a disciplined fighting force.
Who was Marquis de Lafayette?
a French aristocrat and military officer
British strategy after 1778 was to?:
seize key southern posts, enlist the aid of loyalist militiamen, and move northward to pacify one region after another.
Why did relations between the elites and the common people change as a result of the American Revolution?:
the elites learned that they would have to treat the common people with respect in order to receive their support.
What was the role of African-Americans in the American Revolution?:
Americans generally avoided arming blacks, but the British eagerly recruited runaway slaves.
General Charles Cornwallis’ surrender at Yorktown resulted largely from the?:
French fleet winning control of the Chesapeake Bay.
What was a major reason why France and Spain wanted to support America?
They had a chance to regain their territory
Who helped construct and lead the Kentucky Militia?
Virginian George Rogers Clark
Could the Articles of the Confederation tax directly?
No
One of the purposes for writing the Declaration of Independence was to?:
convince potential foreign allies of American determination to gain independence.
American Tories believed that?:
separation from Britain was an illegal act that would ignite an unnecessary war.
Some Indian nations joined the British during the Revolutionary War because?:
they believed that a British victory would restrain American expansion into the West.
Why was George Washington selected as general?
he was from the southern colonies
