Chapter 5-6 Cultures of the Colonies Flashcards
What were some of the items and techniques that natives used from the Europeans? (5)
firearms, metal tools, log homes, horses, and commercial economy
What European power had better relations with the natives?
the French
What was the natives largest concern?
the British Expansion
What is the largest and most prosperous European colony in North America in the 18th century?
New Spain
What was the most sophisticated city in the new world in the 18th century?
Mexico city
Why did Spain only control St. Augustine in Florida?
fierce fighting among the Spanish, British, and the Indians
What is the main reason New Spain added northern colonies?
for self defense against the English and French
Why was settling in California difficult for the Europeans? How did they solve it?
the natives were very resistant until they gave gifts to the natives
What was the name of the missionaries in California. How did they control the natives.
Franciscan missionaries who used cruel and violent means.
What two European nations constructed a Catholic Empire.
France and Spain
What was the shape of the French trade and alliance network and what is their strategy?
a crescent to block the British expansion
Where were the communities of farmers in New France and where were they located?
habitants along the St. Lawrence river between Quebec and Montreal.
Where were the most profitable French enterprises in North America?
the Lower Mississipi settlements
Did the French and the natives combine elements?
yes
What was the main religion of New England besides Rhode Island? (general)
Puritan including different puritan congregations.
How was Church and State linked in New England
the freemen of the church voted on the minister and other rules for the colony
Was Puritan religion freely practiced?
no
Who fought for religious toleration and where did they found a colony?(2)
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson founded Rhode Island
How did Religious toleration come to the colonies?
through the toleration act
Which colony was one of the most ethically and religiously diverse populations on the continent?
New York
What is a good analogy of the mixing of cultures in New York?
a salad bowl
Why did the middle colonies grow much faster than the other English colonies?
the high immigration rates
What religious group founded Pennsylvania and what was their view on religious toleration?
the Quakers and they were comfortable with religious toleration.
What colony’s population was pushing beyond its border by a long shot into the Appalachian highlands?
Pennsylvania
Did many of the Pennsylvania and Virginia settlers have legal titles to the land they occupied and did they care if the Indians were there first?
no and no
What percentage of the southern population in 1750 was slaves?
40 %
What was the state religion in the Chesapeake colonies?
the Church of England
What was the building organization of the lower south plantations.
a main house looking over the plantation with various slave houses and other small buildings
Which colonies were more well developed as a community?
the Chesapeake
Why did the population expand so quickly of the British colonies?
more children and a lower death rate, Religious toleration, allowed migration of forefingers.
Which European colony had the best economic growth?
the British
What did Enlightenment writers emphasize?
rationality, harmony, and order
One of the first Americans to advocate religious toleration was
Roger Williams
The development of Pennsylvania was strongly influenced by what organization?
the society of Friends
The Chesapeake settlements and the colonies of the Lower South were diverse in what way?
ethically diverse because of the presence of Africans, Europeans, and Indians
The presence of the frontier and the availability of land in the colony did what?
helped create social assumptions and practices that were not equally democratic
What was the Intellectual movement that led to a significant transformation in British North America?
the Enlightenment
Who was the Anglican minister who helped spread the Great Awakening throughout the English colonies?
George Whitefield
The Great Awakening provided what for the colonials?
allowed them to be involved in public action and debate
Which kings were very force full on the colonial affairs?
Charles II and James II
What King and Queen introduced Salutary neglect?
William and Mary
What colony is mostly catholic?
maryland
Where was Benjamin Franklin’s plan of Union proposed?
the Albany Conference
What was one major strategy that the Iroquois used against the Europeans?
nations fighting against each other
Who was sent to expel the French from the border of Nova Scotia?
George Washington
How did the Treaty of Paris effect France?
it took all of the French possessions on the American mainland
What form of public communication was very popular in America?
the newspaper
What kinds of things did the stamp act place a duty on?
embossed paper, documents, insurance policies, ship paper, and dice and playing cards.
Why did the Americans revolt in effect of the stamp act?
they had no actual representation in parliament
What did the Townshend Revenue act place a tax on?
lead, glass, paint, paper, and tea
How did the colonists respond to most of the taxing acts (besides revolt)?
through nonimportation and boycotting of British goods
Who denounced the Revenue Acts through letters?
Samuel Adams
What was decided at the second continental congress?
whether the colonies should be separated from Britain
Who wrote Common Sense?
Thomas Paine
Who was Zenger
a newspaper writer who wrote bad about the governor of new york
What was the main task of the First Continental Congress?
emphasizing the common cause Americans had without compromising local identities.
What English document set aside an Indian Reserve in North America?
the Royal Proclamation of 1763
What was the main idea for republicanism?
individuals should have the greatest liberty possible
During the 1760’s the main American weapon of resistance to British Policy was what?
economic boycotts
The Boston Massacre in 1770 was
an unfortunate and tragic incident that develop out of numerous colonial tensions.
What was the English response to the rebellious activity in Massachusetts?
Coercive Acts
The battles of Lexington and Concord forecast what?
the violent nature of the upcoming war
In July 1775, the Second Continental Congress held what idea in their relationship with Britain?
peaceful resolution
What pamphlet reshaped American popular thinking about independence?
common sense
Benjamin Franklin epitomized which movement in colonial America?:
the Enlightenment.
The ideology of revolutionary republicanism borrowed ideas from what parties?
Whigs
Colonial Committees of Correspondence were created to?
publicize grievances against England.
Which of the following is typical of the role that colonial women played during the Townshend crisis?:
organizing spinning bees.
What were spinning bees?
a form of protest by the daughters of liberty by spinning clothing not made by Britain.
What idea was held by John Dickinson in Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania?
Parliament may not use its power to regulate colonial trade for the purpose of raising revenue.
One accomplishment of the First Continental Congress was to?:
petition the king to recognize the colonists’ rights.
The Molasses Act was intended to enforce England’s mercantilist policies by?:
forcing the colonists to buy sugar from other British colonies rather than from foreign producers.
According to the Whig ideology, the best defense against corruption and tyranny rested in the?:
eternal vigilance by the people.
Between 1650 and 1750, family life in the English colonies changed such that in?:
northern colonies it grew less patriarchal, while in southern colonies it grew more patriarchal.
What is the name of Anne Hutchinson’s philosophy?
anti-nominism
Why was Connecticut formed by the Puritans?
to block Rhode Island from expansion
Was everyone on the Mayflower puritans?
no
What was the name of the mass movement of people of this time period?
the Great Migration
Who is considered the advertising guy?
William Penn
Who founded Georgia?
George Olgerthor
What is the oldest city in North America?
St. Augustine
What are naval stores?
key products for New England
What were the two preachers of the Great Awakening?
Jonathon Edwards and George Whitefield
What was the document passed by Parliament that prohibited settling past the Appalachian Mountains?
Proclamation of 1763
