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Stuarts - final > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

When was William Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

1633 - on the death of George Abbot.

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2
Q

What were the two key characteristics of Laudianism?

A
  1. Rejection of predestination.
  2. Less emphasis on the Bible and more on ritual and ceremony.
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3
Q

What is it more accurate to call Arminianism during the Personal Rule?

A

Laudianism

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4
Q

What did Charles I do that broke the Jacobethan balance?

A

He sided and promoted Laudianism and tried to impose it on the country.

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5
Q

What are 3 aspects of Laudianism that were enforced by Charles I?

A
  1. The communion table was railed off and made into an altar against the east wall of the church.
  2. Increased emphasis on ceremony.
  3. Ministers wearing vestments instead of plain robes.
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6
Q

How did Puritans view the Laudian changes to the church?

A

As idolatry, and too Catholic.

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7
Q

What was the most contentious aspect of Laudian reform?

A

The communion table:

  • Placed against the east wall.
  • Raised by some steps to create a chancel.
  • Railed off from the rest of the church.
  • Covered in an embroidered cloth.
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8
Q

Who were the Feoffees for Impropriations?

A

A Puritan organisation that sought to influence the appointment of clergy to parishes to spread Puritanism.

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9
Q

What did Laud do to the Feoffees for Impropriations?

A

He banned them in 1633 and gave their parishes to Laudians.

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10
Q

What did Laud limit preaching to?

A

Sunday mornings and evenings.

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11
Q

When was the Book of Sports reissued?

A

1633

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12
Q

When was the Book of Sports originally published?

A

In 1618 by James I.

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13
Q

What did the Book of Sports do?

A

It outlined a range of activities that people could do on Sundays and was read from the pulpit at compulsory morning service; this angered Puritans as they saw Sunday as a day for God, the Sabbath.

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14
Q

How did Laud enforce his church reforms?

A

Through visitations by bishops to check everyone was complying and through the ecclesiastical courts.

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15
Q

What was central to the lives of Puritans?

A

The Bible

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16
Q

What did Charles I’s imposition of Laudianism force many Calvinists to do?

A

It pushed them towards Puritanism as Laud and Charles were considered too Catholic.

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17
Q

When was St Gregory’s Case?

A

1633

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18
Q

What was St Gregory’s Case?

A

When parishioners of St Gregory’s Church in London challenged the moving of the communion table to the east wall; Charles I brought them before the Privy Council to make an example of them.

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19
Q

Who were the three respected Puritans that Charles I prosecuted for opposing Laud’s reforms?

A
  • Henry Burton
  • John Bastwick
  • William Prynne
20
Q

When were Burton, Bastwick, and Prynne found guilty of criticising Laud’s reforms?

A

1637

21
Q

What were Burton, Bastwick, and Prynne sentenced to?

A

They were each fined £5000 and imprisoned for life, as well as having their ears publicly cropped.

22
Q

When was John Lilburne found guilty by the Court of Star Chamber for printing unlicensed literature?

A

February 1638

23
Q

What was John Lilburne’s punishment?

A

He was fined and then whipped and pilloried in public.

24
Q

What was Charles I’s overarching religious aim?

A

Conformity across all of his kingdoms.

25
Q

When was the Act of Revocation?

A

1625

26
Q

What did the Act of Revocation allow Charles I to do?

A

Take land from the Scottish elite to support the Church in Scotland.

27
Q

What was the result of the Act of Revocation?

A

It just united the landed gentry of Scotland against Charles and his attempts at religious conformity.

28
Q

What did Charles I reissue in 1625 in Scotland?

A

He commanded observation of the Articles of Perth.

29
Q

What were the Articles of Perth?

A

A set of five religious instructions.

30
Q

What were the five Articles of Perth?

A
  1. Kneeling at communion
  2. Observance of holy days
  3. Private baptism
  4. Private communion
  5. Confirmation by bishops
31
Q

When were the five Articles of Perth originally passed through the Kirk of Scotland?

A

In 1618 by James I.

32
Q

What was the Church in Scotland called?

A

The Kirk

33
Q

When was Charles I crowned king of Scotland?

A

1633

34
Q

Where did Charles I choose for his coronation?

A

He chose Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh rather than the traditional Scone, which annoyed Scots.

35
Q

What did Charles I announce at his coronation in Scotland?

A

His intention to introduce a new prayer book in Scotland.

36
Q

When did Charles impose new canons on Scotland?

A

1636

37
Q

What are canons?

A

Church laws

38
Q

What 3 canons did Charles I introduce to Scotland in 1636?

A
  1. The altar had to be placed against the east wall.
  2. Ministers must wear vestments at communion.
  3. Ministers must read from the new prayer book and not improvise.
39
Q

What were Charles I’s canons in Scotland in 1636 seen as?

A

An attempt to impose Catholicism.

40
Q

How did Charles I impose his canons on Scotland?

A

Through his royal prerogative, not consulting the Kirk of Scotland or the Scottish Parliament at any point which was very insulting.

41
Q

When was the new Laudian prayer book introduced to Scotland?

A

1637

42
Q

Why was Charles I’s method for enforcing religious conformity such an issue?

A

Not only was what he wanted to enforce seen as too Catholic, but the way he did it, simply forcing people to conform without any consultation, was seen as too absolutist and therefore Catholic as well.

43
Q

What was Millenarianism?

A

The belief in the end of world that was soon to come.

44
Q

What would the end of the world look like in the opinion of Millenarians?

A

It would be the creation of a fifth and final godly kingdom on earth by Christ.

45
Q

How did Millenarians view the political crisis of the Personal Rule and the Thirty Years War?

A

As the final apocalyptic struggle that would herald the end of the world and the arrival of Judgement Day.

Stuarts - final (22 decks)

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