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Stuarts - final > Chapter 10 (NOT FINAL) > Flashcards

Chapter 10 (NOT FINAL) Flashcards

1
Q

What was the start of the British Civil Wars?

A

The Scottish Rebellion in 1637.

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2
Q

What was the Solemn League and Covenant?

A

A military alliance between the English Parliament and the Covenanters which alienated some Scottish nobles to the point that they came to support Charles.

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3
Q

When was the Solemn League and Covenant?

A

1643

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4
Q

When was the Scottish noble, the Earl of Montrose, defeat by the Covenanter army?

A

September 1645 at Philiphaugh, the end of Charles’ hopes in Scotland.

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5
Q

What success did the Earl of Montrose have in September 1644?

A

He defeated the Covenanters at Tippermuir.

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6
Q

What were the Irish Protestants bolstered by in April 1642?

A

The arrival of 10,000 Scottish troops financed by the English Parliament.

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7
Q

When was the cessation?

A

September 1643

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8
Q

Who led the Protestant forces in Ireland?

A

The Earl of Ormond.

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9
Q

What was the cessation?

A

A one year truce between Charles and the Catholic Confederation in Ireland.

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10
Q

When was the Catholic Confederation formed in Ireland?

A

May 1642

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11
Q

Who formed the Catholic Confederation?

A

Catholic Irish and Old English (also Catholic).

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12
Q

What was the result of the cessation?

A

Between 1643 and 1644 22,000 Irish troops were transported to England to help Charles fight in the English Civil War.

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13
Q

What did the arrival of 22,000 Irish troops signal to Parliament?

A

It only reinforced their impression that Charles was seeking to impose Catholicism as the troops from Ireland were mainly Catholic.

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14
Q

What did the cessation and the subsequent arrival of Catholic Irish troops prompt Parliament to do?

A

Sign the Solemn League and Covenant in September 1643 with the Scots Covenanters.

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15
Q

When did Ormond sign a peace with the Catholic Confederation and end the assist Charles was receiving from Ireland?

A

March 1646

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16
Q

Who set up the New Model Army?

A

The Committee of Both Kingdoms, 1644

17
Q

When did the first English Civil War begin?

A

22 August 1642

18
Q

What battle ended Charles’ military capabilities in England?

A

The Battle of Naseby

19
Q

When was the Battle of Naseby?

A

June 1645

20
Q

When did the first Civil War end?

A

June 1646, with the surrender of the last Royalist forces at Oxford.

21
Q

What were the Royalists’ strengths?

A
  • Led by a recognised leader.
  • Support from the aristocracy who had money and military experience.
  • Aid from abroad from Charles’ nephews Princes Rupert and Maurice.
22
Q

What were the Royalists’ weaknesses?

A
  • Areas under Royalist control were poorer.
  • Clubmen protecting their localities.
  • Commissions of Array was of dubious legality.
  • Charles’ indecisiveness.
  • Charles as a war leader.
  • The use of Irish soldiers (cessation).
23
Q

Who were Clubmen?

A

Men who tried to defend their localities from Royalist and Parliamentary forces.

24
Q

How did Parliament raise money to fund the Civil War effort?

A

Through a new tax called the ‘assessment’.

25
Q

When was the ‘assessment’ introduced?

A

November 1642

26
Q

What was the ‘assessment’?

A

A tax on income implemented by Parliament to raise money for their armies.

27
Q

What did the Scottish Covenanters believe they would receive by agreeing to the Solemn League and Covenant?

A

Establishment of Presbyterianism in England for 3 years.

28
Q

How many troops did the Scottish Covenanters send to Parliament’s aid as part of the Solemn League and Covenant?

A

21,000

29
Q

What were the advantages for Parliament of retaining control of London?

A
  • It was the centre of printing and propaganda.
  • Access to finance and City loans.
  • Manpower.
  • England’s largest port.
  • Chief industrial industry and a supplier of arms and clothing.
30
Q

How did controlling the navy help Parliament?

A

They could supply their forces at strongholds around the country and intercept supplies going to Charles from mainland Europe.

31
Q

What was the main reason for Parliament’s victory in the first Civil War?

A

The creation of the New Model Army.

32
Q

Why was the New Model Army so unique?

A
  • It was the first regularly paid fighting force.
  • It was made of profession soldiers.
  • Strongly motivated by their Puritanism.
33
Q

When was the New Model Army formed?

A

February 1645

Stuarts - final (22 decks)

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