Chapter 17 Flashcards
When was the Declaration of Breda published?
4 April 1660
Who produced the Declaration of Breda?
Charles Stuart
What did the Declaration of Breda state?
It stated that if Charles Stuart became king and monarchy was restored then he would:
- Rule through Parliament.
- Pay the army what they were owed.
- Pardons to nearly all his subjects.
- ‘liberty to tender consciences’.
When did the Convention Parliament assemble?
25 April 1660
Which way did the Convention Parliament sway ideologically?
Conservatism
When was Charles Stuart declared king?
8 May 1660
What was the reaction of the Political Nation to Charles Stuart’s Declaration of Breda?
They were largely in favour as it was a conservative document, promising to return to a style of rule like the one before the Civil Wars that was desired by many after the radicalism of the final years of the Interregnum.
What was the Convention Parliament?
A temporary parliament whose purpose was to restore monarchy.
What were the 7 issues the Convention Parliament had to deal with in order to restore monarchy?
- Indemnity
- Land settlement
- Disbanding the army
- Constitution
- Finance
- Religion
- Militia
Why was indemnity an issue that needed to be resolved?
Charles had promised pardons for Parliamentarians but not for those involved in regicide. Exactly who that was needed to be decided, and Parliament helped to do that.
After Parliament had helped decide who would not be pardoned, when was the Indemnity Act passed?
29 August 1660
What was the issue surrounding land when Charles was restored?
After 1649 the lands belonging to bishops, Royalists, Catholics, and the Crown were sold off. Charles wanted the Church and Crown lands back and left it to Parliament to resolve.
How did Parliament get the Church and Crown lands back after they had been sold off in 1649?
Many of the people the lands belonged to were not included in the Indemnity Act, meaning most of the lands could just be seized without trouble once to owner was prosecuted.
Why did the army disband without a fuss?
- The Indemnity Act had been passed meaning they would not be tried and convicted.
- Charles had promised to pay them what they were owed in the Declaration of Breda.
What happened to the bill being passed through parliament that would have confirmed parliamentary privileges and fundamental laws?
It was stalled in the House of Lords through Charles II’s influence and never became law, meaning Charles Stuart became king without any limitations on his power whatsoever.
What did the Convention Parliament grant Charles II to settle finances?
- Charles received tonnage and poundage for life.
- Certain customs duties.
- Charles would be granted £1.2 million a year for government costs.
What did Parliament hope Charles II could do by them granting him customs duties and tonnage and poundage for life?
‘live off his own’
Despite the seemingly generous financial settlement, what was Charles II dependent on?
Parliamentary grants, causing him to call parliament every year between 1660 and 1681.
What had the Declaration of Breda promised to religious nonconformists such as the Quakers or the Presbyterians?
An ‘indulgence’ to worship freely - this never materialised.
Did Charles II deliver on his promise to religious nonconformists?
No
What happened to the Church of England as it was restored under Charles II?
700 out of a total 9000 ministers were removed and the and the Church itself was not broadened to encompass any nonconformists.
Who retained the right to control the militia in the kingdom?
Charles II - he dissolved the Convention Parliament before they passed any legislation regarding the armed forces, so Charles therefore retained this prerogative right.
When was the Cavalier Parliament elected?
May 1661
What did the Act for the Safety and Preservation of His Majesty’s Person and Government do?
It cancelled all ordinances, which were any acts of parliament that had not received royal assent.