Chapter 18

Question 1

What did the Crown’s attempt to manage Parliament during Danby’s prominence (1673-1678) lead to?

Answer 1

Mutual distrust and the emergence of division between Crown and Parliament.

Question 2

What did the mutual distrust and division between Crown and Parliament between 1673 and 1678 lead to?

Answer 2

The Exclusion Crisis

Question 3

What was the Exclusion Crisis?

Answer 3

Parliament’s attempt to exclude James, Duke of York, from inheriting the throne after Charles II died.

Question 4

When was the Exclusion Crisis?

Answer 4

1679-1683

Question 5

Who was James, Duke of York?

Answer 5

Charles II’s brother, heir to the throne.

Question 6

Why was James heir to the throne?

Answer 6

Charles II had had no children with his wife - a marriage that was negotiated by Clarendon and a fact in his unpopularity as it had not given the country an heir.

Question 7

Who was ‘The Court’?

Answer 7

Those who supported the political and religious direction of the monarch.

Question 8

Who was ‘The Country’?

Answer 8

Those opposed to the monarch’s policy.

Question 9

Why might courtiers be members of the court party?

Answer 9

If they supported the aims of Charles II for ambition or for shared beliefs.

Question 10

When did the development of the ‘court’ and ‘country’ parties start?

Answer 10

During the time of the Cabal.

Question 11

Who were two members of the Cabal that were also part of the ‘country’ party?

Answer 11

• Duke of Buckingham

- Earl of Shaftsbury

Question 12

Give two key figures of the ‘court’ party.

Answer 12

• Charles II

- Earl of Danby

Question 13

What were the 2 main aims of the ‘court’ party?

Answer 13

• Toleration of religious dissenters and Catholics.

- Strengthen ties with Catholic and absolutist France.

Question 14

How did the ‘court’ party approach Parliament?

Answer 14

They manipulated parliaments by using Crown patronage.

Question 15

What were the 3 aims and interests of the ‘country’ party?

Answer 15

• Anti-Catholic
• Intolerant towards dissenters
• Defence of Protestantism at home and abroad

Question 16

What was the ‘country’ party’s attitude towards Parliament?

Answer 16

They were distrustful of government, believing it to be corrupt, and sought to defend Parliament’s rights against royal prerogative.

Question 17

When was the pamphlet ‘A Letter from a Person of Quality to his Friend in the Country’ published?

Answer 17

November 1675

Question 18

What did the pamphlet ‘A Letter from a Person of Quality to his Friend in the Country’ say?

Answer 18

It claimed there was a conspiracy to impose absolutism and Catholicism through a standing army. Parliament would be turned into a body that merely supplied money to the Crown.

Question 19

When was the pamphlet ‘An Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government’ published?

Answer 19

December 1677

Question 20

Who wrote the pamphlet ‘An Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government’?

Answer 20

Andrew Marvell, MP for Hull

Question 21

What did the pamphlet ‘An Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government’ argue?

Answer 21

That there had been a plan to establish “absolute tyranny” in England for some time, and that the Protestant religion would be turned into “downright popery”.

Question 22

When did the Dutch and French sign a peace treaty?

Answer 22

1678

Question 23

What did Charles do after the French and Dutch signed a peace treaty?

Answer 23

He prorogued Parliament because he no longer needed war funds.

Question 24

What did Charles keep after the Dutch-French peace treaty in 1678?

Answer 24

He kept an army of 30,000 troops, raising fears that he would impose Catholicism and absolutism.

Question 25

What did the ‘country’ and ‘court’ parties develop into?

Answer 25

The Whig and Tory parties respectively.

Question 26

What did the Tories believe?

Answer 26

• Anti-Exclusionist
• Divine Right of Kings
• No right of resistance, even against tyranny
• Parliament and republicans threaten absolutism
• Adherence to the Church of England

Question 27

What were the main Whig beliefs?

Answer 27

• Exclusionist
• Authority came from the people, not God
• Right of resistance against tyranny
• Catholicism posed the threat of absolutism
• Favoured religious tolerance and dissent