Chapter 18 Flashcards
What did the Crown’s attempt to manage Parliament during Danby’s prominence (1673-1678) lead to?
Mutual distrust and the emergence of division between Crown and Parliament.
What did the mutual distrust and division between Crown and Parliament between 1673 and 1678 lead to?
The Exclusion Crisis
What was the Exclusion Crisis?
Parliament’s attempt to exclude James, Duke of York, from inheriting the throne after Charles II died.
When was the Exclusion Crisis?
1679-1683
Who was James, Duke of York?
Charles II’s brother, heir to the throne.
Why was James heir to the throne?
Charles II had had no children with his wife - a marriage that was negotiated by Clarendon and a fact in his unpopularity as it had not given the country an heir.
Who was ‘The Court’?
Those who supported the political and religious direction of the monarch.
Who was ‘The Country’?
Those opposed to the monarch’s policy.
Why might courtiers be members of the court party?
If they supported the aims of Charles II for ambition or for shared beliefs.
When did the development of the ‘court’ and ‘country’ parties start?
During the time of the Cabal.
Who were two members of the Cabal that were also part of the ‘country’ party?
- Duke of Buckingham
- Earl of Shaftsbury
Give two key figures of the ‘court’ party.
- Charles II
- Earl of Danby
What were the 2 main aims of the ‘court’ party?
- Toleration of religious dissenters and Catholics.
- Strengthen ties with Catholic and absolutist France.
How did the ‘court’ party approach Parliament?
They manipulated parliaments by using Crown patronage.
What were the 3 aims and interests of the ‘country’ party?
- Anti-Catholic
- Intolerant towards dissenters
- Defence of Protestantism at home and abroad
What was the ‘country’ party’s attitude towards Parliament?
They were distrustful of government, believing it to be corrupt, and sought to defend Parliament’s rights against royal prerogative.
When was the pamphlet ‘A Letter from a Person of Quality to his Friend in the Country’ published?
November 1675
What did the pamphlet ‘A Letter from a Person of Quality to his Friend in the Country’ say?
It claimed there was a conspiracy to impose absolutism and Catholicism through a standing army. Parliament would be turned into a body that merely supplied money to the Crown.
When was the pamphlet ‘An Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government’ published?
December 1677
Who wrote the pamphlet ‘An Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government’?
Andrew Marvell, MP for Hull
What did the pamphlet ‘An Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government’ argue?
That there had been a plan to establish “absolute tyranny” in England for some time, and that the Protestant religion would be turned into “downright popery”.
When did the Dutch and French sign a peace treaty?
1678
What did Charles do after the French and Dutch signed a peace treaty?
He prorogued Parliament because he no longer needed war funds.
What did Charles keep after the Dutch-French peace treaty in 1678?
He kept an army of 30,000 troops, raising fears that he would impose Catholicism and absolutism.
What did the ‘country’ and ‘court’ parties develop into?
The Whig and Tory parties respectively.
What did the Tories believe?
- Anti-Exclusionist
- Divine Right of Kings
- No right of resistance, even against tyranny
- Parliament and republicans threaten absolutism
- Adherence to the Church of England
What were the main Whig beliefs?
- Exclusionist
- Authority came from the people, not God
- Right of resistance against tyranny
- Catholicism posed the threat of absolutism
- Favoured religious tolerance and dissent
