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Stuarts - final > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Who caused the religious problems under Charles II?

A

The Political Nation in Parliament - they sought to restore a church that matched their outlook.

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2
Q

When was the Savoy House Conference?

A

1661

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3
Q

What was the purpose of the Savoy House Conference?

A

To try and reach a compromise between Presbyterians and Anglicans.

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4
Q

What did they discuss at the Savoy House Conference?

A

The role of bishops and the prayer book.

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5
Q

What was the result of the Savoy House Conference?

A

Negotiations broke down and no compromise could be reached.

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6
Q

What sort of church did Charles II and Clarendon seek?

A

A broad, tolerant one.

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7
Q

Who imposed a rigid church model after the Restoration?

A

The conservative Cavalier Parliament.

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8
Q

What did the Cavalier Parliament do in the House of Lords?

A

Reinstate bishops.

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9
Q

What were the views of the Cavalier Parliament?

A

They were royalist, conservative, and from the Political Nation.

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10
Q

When did the Cavalier Parliament convene?

A

May 1661

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11
Q

During what period did the Cavalier Parliament sit?

A

May 1661 - January 1679

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12
Q

Who was persecuted under the restored Church?

A

Catholic and Protestant dissenters.

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13
Q

Why did the Church of England struggle to impose its strict will?

A

Because of the removal of the Court of High Commission in 1641 under the terms of the Triennial Act.

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14
Q

What sort of church did the Cavalier Parliament want people to adhere to?

A

The Anglican Church.

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15
Q

What bill did the Lords try to pass in 1662?

A

A Bill that would repeal some of the laws against Catholics.

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16
Q

Who supported the Lord’s bill of 1662 that would have repealed some anti-Catholic laws?

A

Charles II, showing his desire for toleration.

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17
Q

Why did the Lord’s bill of 1662 fail despite support from Charles II?

A

It lacked the support of both the Cavalier Parliament and the public.

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18
Q

When was the Northern Rising?

A

1663

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19
Q

What was the Northern Rising?

A

An alleged ‘Northern plot’ by religious radicals and Republicans to try and coordinate rebels from Ireland and Scotland to try and overthrow Charles II.

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20
Q

What was the reality compared to the perception of the Northern Rising?

A

In reality they had no success in overthrowing Charles II, but he exaggerated the threat to try and garner support for his rule.

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21
Q

What did the Northern Rising lead to?

A

The Conventicle Act 1664

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22
Q

When was the Conventicle Act?

A

1664

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23
Q

What did the Conventicle Act state?

A

That religious meetings of five people or more were forbidden.

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24
Q

Although Charles II desired a broad church, what did the Conventicle Act show?

A

That he was prepared to be repressive towards dissenters when they threatened his rule.

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25
Q

When was the Second Dutch War?

A

March 1665 - July 1667

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26
Q

When was the Five Mile Act?

A

1665

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27
Q

What caused the Five Mile Act to be passed?

A

The Second Dutch War, 1665-67

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28
Q

What did the Five Mile Act state?

A

That any preacher who had refused the compulsory oaths under the Act of Uniformity could not go within five miles of any town or parish where they had taught.

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29
Q

When was the Act of Uniformity?

A

1662

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30
Q

What did the Act of Uniformity state?

A

It laid out the public prayers and other Church of England rites that had to be followed.

31
Q

What was dependent on agreement to the Act of Uniformity?

A

Holding a government or Church position.

32
Q

When was the second Conventicle Act passed by Charles?

A

1670

33
Q

What did the second Conventicle Act do?

A

Reinforced the persecution of dissenters and removed judges considered too lenient.

34
Q

When was the Corporation Act?

A

1661

35
Q

What did the Corporation Act do?

A

Prevented any person holding office in a corporation unless they accepted the terms of the restored Church of England.

36
Q

What are the four Acts that are collectively known as the Clarendon Code?

A
  • Corporation Act 1661
  • Act of Uniformity 1662
  • Conventicle Act 1664
  • Five Mile Act 1665
37
Q

What is the religious contradiction under Charles II?

A

He and Clarendon desired tolerance but the Clarendon Code enforced conformity.

38
Q

Who controlled the Church of England after the restoration?

A

Parliament, rather than the king.

39
Q

How was strict conformity in the Church of England able to be promoted?

A

Because Parliament controlled the Church and they were from the intolerant Political Nation.

40
Q

What did the Compton Census of 1676 conclude?

A

That there were about 100,000 religious dissenter at the time, although the real number is estimated to be about 200,000 to 300,000.

41
Q

How did Protestant religious dissenters view the restoration of the monarchy?

A

As God’s will, as they had failed to established Godly rule after 1649.

42
Q

Why did Charles II pass the second Conventicle Act?

A

Because Parliament refused to grant him any funds unless he did so.

43
Q

What did Parliament do in 1669 as a response to the Conventicle Act lapsing in 1668?

A

They refused to grant Charles II a subsidy of £300,000 unless he passed a new Conventicle Act, which he did in 1670.

44
Q

When was the Declaration of Indulgence issued by Charles II?

A

15 March 1672

45
Q

What the Declaration of Indulgence do?

A

It stated Charles II’s ‘suspending powers’ in relation to all penal laws.

46
Q

What are ‘suspending powers’?

A

The prerogative power of Charles to suspend any law.

47
Q

What are penal laws?

A

Laws that were meant to persecute Catholic and Protestant dissenters.

48
Q

What reinforced suspicions about Charles II’s favouring of Catholics, other than the Declaration of Indulgence?

A

The alliance with Catholic France against the Dutch.

49
Q

What was Charles II forced to do with the Declaration of Indulgence and why?

A

He was forced to withdraw it due to Parliamentary opposition and their withholding of funds unless he did so.

50
Q

What Act did Charles II pass after withdrawing the Declaration of Indulgence?

A

The Test Act.

51
Q

When was the Test Act passed?

A

1673

52
Q

What did the Test Act do?

A

It required all those wishing to hold office to swear an oath to the Protestant English Church.

53
Q

When was the Quaker Act passed?

A

1662

54
Q

Why did Charles II persecute Quakers in particular?

A

Because they represented more of threat than other dissenters and because of their radicalism during the Civil Wars.

55
Q

What did the Quaker Act do?

A

Implemented punishments for Quakers including fines and exile.

56
Q

How many Quakers suffered from some form of punishment under Charles II?

A

15,000

57
Q

What happened to the Quakers after the restoration?

A

They became pacifists.

58
Q

Why did the Quakers declare themselves pacifists after the restoration?

A

It was an attempt at self-preservation after their political action had failed to have any impact.

59
Q

What belief developed amongst Anglicans after 1660 that resulted in more toleration, but holders of which were still in the minority?

A

Latitudinarianism

60
Q

What is Latitudinarianism?

A

The belief that reason and personal judgement are more useful than church doctrine.

61
Q

Why was there little reaction from Millenarians after 1660, despite them not wanting the return of the monarchy?

A

They were inclined to view events as God’s will and so accept them.

62
Q

When was the Fifth Monarchist Major General Thomas Harrison brought to trial?

A

October 1660

63
Q

Why was Major General Thomas Harrison brought to trial?

A

He was one of those tried for regicide.

64
Q

What did the execution of Major General Thomas Harrison help to do?

A

Ensure millenarianism did not return or pose a threat to Charles II’s rule.

65
Q

What inspired John Milton’s poem, Paradise Lost?

A

He was a millenarianism and the failure of the revolution and the restoration of the monarchy inspired his epic poem.

66
Q

Whose court did Charles II’s reflect?

A

His grandfather’s, James I - it was promiscuous and pragmatic.

67
Q

What did the debauched and corrupt nature of Charles II’s court lead some to believe?

A

That there was a popish conspiracy and that Charles II himself was a Catholic.

68
Q

Give three leading Catholics at Charles’ court that fuelled fears of a popish conspiracy.

A
  • His mother, Henrietta Maria.
  • His wife, Catherine of Braganza.
  • His brother, James Duke of York.
69
Q

What two members of the Cabal fuelled fears of popery in the royal court?

A
  • Thomas Clifford, a Catholic.

- Earl of Arlington, a Catholic sympathiser.

70
Q

In what area of royal prerogative did Catholics influence Charles II?

A

In foreign policy and his close relationship with his Catholic cousin, King Louis XIV of France - the other Catholics at Charles’ court failed to influence him.

71
Q

What else, other than Catholic members of his court, reinforced the impression of Catholic influences at Charles II’s court?

A

His mimicking of the French style of his cousin Louis XIV with baroque architecture, painting, and music.

72
Q

What is the style of baroque?

A

Highly ornate and extravagant.

73
Q

What was Charles II’s court style?

A
  • It followed the examples of the French Catholic court in terms of ideas and fashions.
  • Charles reassembled his father’s art collection that had been sold off during the Interregnum.
  • Hedonistic behaviour of courtiers.
74
Q

Who stopped Charles II’s desire for a broad Church of England?

A

The Political Nation who were conservative.

Stuarts - final (22 decks)

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