Chapter 4 Flashcards
When was the Jacobean period?
1603-25
When was the Caroline period?
1625-49
What was the Protestant belief of predestination?
The belief that an individual’s salvation was already decided by God and was not dependent on how that person lived.
How did Puritans sometimes refer to themselves?
The Godly
What did Puritans believe about the Church of England?
That it had not been sufficiently reformed.
What did Arminians believe about the Church of England?
That it had been reformed enough or perhaps too much, and wanted to bring it into line with traditional Catholic practices.
What sect were the majority of people in England?
Calvinist
How were Arminians viewed by many?
As being too close to Catholicism because of their emphasis on ceremony.
Why did all English Protestants share a general hostility to Catholicism?
- Because of the war against Catholic Spain under Elizabeth.
- The burning of Protestants under the Catholic ‘Bloody’ Mary (1553-58).
What was James I prepared to make a distinction between?
Catholics who were quiet and those who were factious.
What were recusancy fines?
Fines imposed on people who did not attend the compulsory Church of England service on Sunday.
Who were Jesuits?
A religious order seen as the aggressive arm of the Catholic Church.
When did James I order the collection of recusancy fines?
May 1603
When was the Gunpowder Plot?
November 1605
What did James I do in response to the Gunpowder Plot?
Introduced the Oath of Allegiance.
When did James I introduce the Oath of Allegiance?
1606
What did the Oath of Allegiance require people to do?
Swear Catholic recusants to declare their allegiance to James and not the Pope.
How were Puritans referred to?
the hotter sort of Protestant
When was the Millenary Petition?
1603
What was the Millenary Petition?
A petition presented to James I by Puritans as he travelled to London to claim the throne.
What did the Millenary Petition say?
It was a list of requests calling for:
- modifications in church services
- freedom of ministers to not wear ceremonial robes
- education requirements for ministers
When did James I announce that all tithes would go towards paying better salaries for church ministers?
July 1603
What were tithes?
1/10 of parishioners’ produce which paid the salary of clergymen.
What was James I announcement on tithes a response to?
The Millenary Petition
When was the Hampton Court Conference?
1604
What did James I do in response to the Millenary Petition other than tithes?
He called the religious Hampton Court Conference.
What was the only outcome of the Hampton Court Conference?
The start of the King James Bible.
When was the King James Bible completed?
1611
What had James I hoped the Hampton Court Conference would be?
A settlement of all the matters that were being questioned by the Puritans.
When did James I approve Bancroft’s Canons that were passed by the Church of England?
September 1604
Why were Bancroft’s Canons provocative to Puritans?
They upheld many Church practices that Puritans had condemned in the Millenary Petition.
What 3 things did Bancroft’s Canons uphold that Puritans had criticised and wanted removed?
- Clerical dress
- Use of the sign of the cross in baptism
- Bowing at the name of Jesus
When was Richard Bancroft made Archbishop of Canterbury?
December 1604
Along with appointing Bancroft to Archbishop, what did James I push for in the church at the same time?
Conformity with Bancroft’s Canons which meant persecuting Puritans.
What did Bancroft order to happen with regards to his Canons?
All clergy that refused to conform were expelled.
What were the expelled clergy known as?
The Silenced Brethren
What was the term used to describe the broad church maintained by Elizabeth and James?
The Jacobethan balance.
What did James I not do towards the end of his rule that signalled his move towards Arminianism?
He did not censor Richard Montagu’s book, A New Gag for and Old Goose, an Arminian piece of literature.
How was Charles I’s court viewed by Calvinists and Puritans?
As being dominated by Arminians or Catholics
Who was Charles I’s wife?
French Princess Henrietta Maria.
Why was Charles I’s marriage religiously problematic?
Henrietta Maria was a Catholic and Charles was already seen as favouring Arminians too much.
What was Catholicism synonymous with?
Absolutism
What did Charles I do to Richard Montagu?
He made him his royal chaplain, a very provocative move.
When was the York House Conference?
February 1626
Who chaired the York House Conference?
Duke of Buckingham - Charles did not attend.
What came out of the York House Conference?
Nothing.
When was Laud made Bishop of London?
1628
