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Stuarts - final > Chapter 11 (NOT FINAL) > Flashcards

Chapter 11 (NOT FINAL) Flashcards

1
Q

What were the two parliamentary factions?

A
  • Political Presbyterians.

- Political Independents.

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2
Q

Who was the key figure of the Political Presbyterians?

A

Denzil Holles

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3
Q

What was the attitude of the Political Presbyterians?

A
  • Generally conservative.
  • More moderate in nature.
  • Sometimes called the ‘peace party’.
  • Favoured a negotiated peace with Charles on minimal terms.
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4
Q

Who were the key figures in the Political Independents?

A

Oliver Cromwell and Henry Ireton.

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5
Q

What was the character of the Political Independents?

A
  • More radical in nature.
  • Sometimes called the ‘War Party’.
  • Wanted religious toleration.
  • Were allied with the New Model Army.
  • Were willing to accept settlement with Charles only if his power was limited.
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6
Q

Who was the most influential group in Parliament and why?

A

The Political Presbyterians; because the country was weary of war and favoured their peace policy.

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7
Q

When were the Newcastle Propositions?

A

July 1646

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8
Q

What were the Newcastle Propositions?

A

The Political Presbyterian’s plan for a settlement with Charles.

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9
Q

What were the 4 features of the Newcastle Propositions?

A
  • Religion: Charles was to accept the establishment of Presbyterianism in England for three years.
  • Militia: Parliament would control the militia for 20 years.
  • Parliament: The Triennial Act was to remain.
  • Royalists: All but 58 Royalists received a pardon, hopefully encouraging others to surrender.
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10
Q

What was Charles’ response to the Newcastle Propositions?

A

He stalled, allowing divisions amongst his opponents to develop.

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11
Q

What did the Political Presbyterians want to do to the New Model Army as part of the Newcastle Propositions?

A

Disband them but keep a smaller force to go to Ireland and crush the Catholics.

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12
Q

How much money did Parliament owe the New Model Army?

A

£3 million - royal revenues never amounted to even £1 million.

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13
Q

When was the New Model Army formed by Parliament?

A

1645

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14
Q

What document did Denzil Holles write that offended the New Model Army?

A

The Declaration of Dislike

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15
Q

What did Holles label the army in his Declaration of Dislike?

A

‘enemies to the state and disturbers of the public peace’

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16
Q

What had Parliament not passed that left soldiers in the New Model Army open to prosecution?

A

Indemnity Act

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17
Q

When did Parliament vote to disband the New Model Army with only 8 weeks’ pay?

A

25 May 1647

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18
Q

When did the New Model Army first petition Parliament?

A

March 1647

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19
Q

When did Parliament accept Charles’ reply to the Newcastle Propositions?

A

May 1647

20
Q

What did the New Model Army do in response to Parliament voting to disband them?

A

They met at Newmarket and formed the General Council of the Army.

21
Q

When did George Joyce kidnap Charles?

A

2 June 1647

22
Q

When was the Humble Remonstrance?

A

4 June 1647

23
Q

What was the Humble Remonstrance?

A

A declaration from the New Model Army saying that they would not disband until their grievances had been met.

24
Q

What did the New Model Army do after publishing the Humble Remonstrance to put pressure on parliament?

A

Begin a slow march towards London.

25
Q

What did the army do to reinforce the Solemn Engagement?

A

They drew up impeachment charges against 11 MPs including Holles.

26
Q

When did the army present impeachment charges against 11 MPs?

A

July 1647

27
Q

When was A Representation of the Army published?

A

14 June 1647

28
Q

What was A Representation of the Army?

A

The document that outlined the position of the army.

29
Q

What did A Representation of the Army outline?

A
  • a purge of parliament.
  • future parliaments a fixed duration.
  • extension of religious freedom.
30
Q

What gave the political statements of the army weight?

A
  • Their military muscle.

- Their physical control of Charles.

31
Q

When was the Heads of Proposals published?

A

2 August 1647

32
Q

What was the Heads of Proposals?

A

The Army’s plan for a settlement with Charles.

33
Q

What did the army want, as stated in the Heads of Proposals?

A
  • Biennial parliaments.
  • Reform of parliamentary representation.
  • Parliamentary control of the army.
  • Act of Oblivion that exempted only a few Royalists from punishment (meaning most of them would be punished).
34
Q

What was it about the Heads of Proposals that meant they could be a genuine plan for settlement?

A

Ireton would have negotiated them directly with Charles since they had physical control of him.

35
Q

What did Cromwell and Ireton’s negotiations with the King and Parliament show?

A

That they desired a moderate settlement with both.

36
Q

When did Denzil Holles lead a mob into the Commons and passed a resolution to invite the king to London?

A

26 July 1647

37
Q

What resolved the divisions between the leaders of the New Model Army and the lower ranks?

A

Charles’ escape from Hampton Court and the subsequent beginning of the Second Civil War.

38
Q

Who were the Engagers?

A

A faction of the Scottish Covenanters that were disappointed with their alliance with the English Parliament.

39
Q

When was The Engagement?

A

December 1647

40
Q

What were the terms of The Engagement?

A
  • Charles would allow Presbyterianism in England for 3 years.
  • In return the Scots would help him invade England against Parliament and restore his power.
41
Q

When was the Vote of No Addresses passed?

A

January 1648

42
Q

Why did Parliament pass the Vote of No Addresses?

A

In response to The Engagement.

43
Q

When was the Windsor Prayer Meeting?

A

April 1648

44
Q

What did preachers at the Windsor Prayer Meeting declare Charles to be?

A

‘that man of blood’

45
Q

What is the significance of the Windsor Prayer Meeting?

A

The first time regicide was debated openly.

46
Q

What did victory in the Second Civil War prove to the leaders of the New Model Army?

A

That God was directing them and that God had condemned Charles.

Stuarts - final (22 decks)

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