Chapter 14 Flashcards
When did the Rump Parliament vote to abolish the House of Lords?
6 February 1649
When did the Rump Parliament vote to abolish the monarchy?
7 February 1949
When was the Engagement Act passed?
2 January 1650
What did the Engagement Act do?
Forced all adult males to declare loyalty to the Commonwealth of England.
When was the Treason Act passed?
2 July 1650
What was the Treason Act?
It forced everyone to comply with the Engagement Act as it made it illegal to deny the authority of the new regime.
Who was the leader of the Scottish Covenanters?
Argyll
What did Argyll do after Charles I was executed?
He declared Charles Stuart, Charles I’s son, as Charles II of Scotland.
What did Charles Stuart bring with him from The Hague that posed a threat to parliament in England?
He brought an army.
What did parliament decide to do when faced with the renewed threat of invasion from Charles Stuart and the Covenanters?
They decided to launch an attack first, making Cromwell commander-in-chief.
When was the Battle of Dunbar?
3 September 1650
What happened at the Battle of Dunbar?
Cromwell and his army was cornered by a Scottish army twice their size, but despite this Cromwell won the battle, claiming it to be the hand of God.
How many Scots were killed and captured at the Battle of Dunbar?
3000 killed; 10,000 captured.
What underpinned Cromwell’s remarkable victory at Dunbar?
- Strong religious motivation.
- English sea power ensured Cromwell’s forces were well supplied.
- England’s stronger economy meant their army was better funded.
When did Cromwell go to Ireland to establish English Protestant control?
August 1649
How many troops did Cromwell take with him to Ireland to fight the Catholics?
10,000
Other than establish English control of Ireland, what else did Cromwell want to do?
Punish them for the rebellion of 1641
What was Cromwell’s aim in Ireland?
The swift destruction of the Irish Catholic threat so that he could return to England and face the threat from Charles Stuart and the Scots.
When did Cromwell return to England from Ireland?
May 1650
How many Scottish Royalists troops did Charles Stuart have to begin with?
20,000
How many Scottish Royalist troops ended up crossing the border into England?
13,000
What obstacles did Charles Stuart face when he invaded England?
- Desertion of troops (only 13,000 out of the original 20,000).
- English people did not support the invading Scots, despite not being happy under a republic.
- Leslie, the Scottish general, was not committed to the invasion.
- Charles had no foreign aid.
When was the Battle of Worcester?
3 September 1651
What was the result of Charles Stuart’s loss at the Battle of Worcester?
Charles Stuart abandoned his troops and fled to the Continent, leaving Cromwell as the dominant figure in English politics.
