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Stuarts - final > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Whigs and Tories emerge as proper parties?

A

During the reign of William III and Mary II.

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2
Q

Who led the Whig party?

A

The junto lords.

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3
Q

What were the three reasons for the development of party divisions after 1688?

A
  1. Regular parliamentary sessions allowed MPs of similar thinking to cooperate.
  2. More frequent elections led to the need to organise along party lines to contest elections.
  3. An increased franchise led to more backgrounds and interests and therefore more party conflict.
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4
Q

What did the Whigs believe about the relationship between the Crown and the people?

A

That it was a contract, and a monarch could be removed if that contract was broken.

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5
Q

What was the Whigs’ attitude to William and Mary’s war with France between 1689-97?

A

They supported it, and the junto lords that led the party were formed primarily to support the war effort.

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6
Q

What was the Whigs’ attitude to religion?

A

They wanted an extension of the Toleration Act 1689 to allow greater toleration for dissenters.

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7
Q

What did the Tories believe about the relationship between the crown and the people?

A

They believed it was a divine right, and that people should be obedient and non-resistant.

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8
Q

What was the attitude of the Tories to William and Mary’s war with France between 1689-97?

A

They supported a limited naval war.

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9
Q

What attitude did the Tories take on religion?

A

They wanted to prevent further religious toleration.

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10
Q

How did the Whigs view the events of the Glorious Revolution?

A

They saw the Political Nation as having resisted the Catholic James II.

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11
Q

How did the Tories see the events of the Glorious Revolution?

A

They argued that James II had abdicated rather than any form of resistance having taken place like the Whigs thought.

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12
Q

Who were the Jacobites?

A

Those who wanted the return of Catholic James II and his descendants.

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13
Q

What were a minority of Tories?

A

Jacobites

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14
Q

Because of their support for James II as the lawful king, what did some Tories argue about William and Mary?

A

That they were de facto (in reality) monarchs, but not lawfully so.

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15
Q

When was the oath of association introduced?

A

February 1696

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16
Q

Why was the oath of association introduced?

A

It was in response to a Jacobite plot.

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17
Q

What did the oath of association require?

A

That all office holders acknowledge William and Mary as the ‘rightful and lawful’ monarchs.

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18
Q

How many Tory Lords refused to accept the oath of association?

A

20

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19
Q

How many MPs refused the oath of association?

A

90

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20
Q

When was the Abjuration Act passed?

A

1702

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21
Q

When was the Act of Settlement passed?

A

1701

22
Q

What did the Abjuration Act demand?

A

That all office holders, MPs, and lawyers denounce the claim of James II’s son to the throne.

23
Q

What was the key division between the Tories and the Whigs?

A

Over the extent of toleration.

24
Q

When did the Nine Years War start?

A

1688

25
Q

Who was the Nine Years War between?

A

France and the Dutch Republic, now joined by England.

26
Q

What did the Whigs promote to aide William in fighting the Nine Years War?

A

The Million Loan Act and the establishment of the Bank of England.

27
Q

When was the Million Loan Act?

A

1693

28
Q

When was the Bank of England established?

A

1694

29
Q

Why did the Tories favour a naval strategy?

A

Because it would be cheaper than the land war favoured by the Whigs and William.

30
Q

What did William and Mary start to do after their victory in the Battle of the Boyne?

A

They began to remove Tories from government and replace them with Whigs who would support the war effort against France.

31
Q

Who were the Junto Whigs?

A

The Whigs that supported the government of William and Mary and England’s involvement in the Nine Years War.

32
Q

When was the Treaty of Ryswick?

A

1697

33
Q

What was the Treaty of Ryswick?

A

A temporary ending of the war between William and Mary and Louis XIV.

34
Q

Why did the Tories gain in popularity after the Treaty of Ryswick?

A

Because they opposed the continuing high taxes to maintain William and Mary’s forces which much of the ‘country’ supported.

35
Q

What did the Tories’ support from the ‘country’ lead to in the elections of 1698?

A

They won many more seats in Parliament.

36
Q

What did William and Mary do after the elections of 1698?

A

They began appointing Tories to government since they had much of the support of in Parliament - support that the monarchs needed.

37
Q

What did having the Tories in power after 1698 lead to?

A
  • A reduction in taxes
  • Reduction of the army
  • 1701 Act of Settlement
38
Q

Where was there a Jacobite presence in Scotland?

A

The Highlands

39
Q

When was the Battle of Killiecrankie?

A

July 1689

40
Q

What happened at the Battle of Killiecrankie?

A

William’s forces were defeated by the Jacobites.

41
Q

When was the Battle of Cromdale?

A

May 1690

42
Q

What happened at the Battle of Cromdale?

A

William defeated the Jacobean army in Scotland.

43
Q

When was the conflict in Scotland between William and the Jacobites officially ended?

A

June 1691 - Treaty of Achallander

44
Q

When was the Treaty of Achallander?

A

June 1691

45
Q

What happened to Presbyterian ministers who had lost their position under the Act of Uniformity?

A

They was reinstated in the Kirk in 1690.

46
Q

When was the Glencoe Massacre?

A

February 1692

47
Q

What was the Glencoe Massacre?

A

The government attack on the MacDonald clan in the Highlands - 45 women and children were killed.

48
Q

When were the Whigs in power?

A

1690-96

49
Q

When were the Tories in power?

A

1696-1701

50
Q

Why did William and Mary begin to remove Tories from their government after the Battle of the Boyne?

A

To replace them with Whigs who would support their war effort against France.

Stuarts - final (22 decks)

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