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Physical Science > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a periodic back-and-forth motion (or oscillation) that transmits energy?

A

Wave

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2
Q

What is the substance through which a wave transfers its energy?

A

Medium

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3
Q

What are the high points of a wave train?

A

Crest

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4
Q

What are the low points of a wave train?

A

Troughs

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5
Q

What are waves in which particles of the transmitting medium oscillate at right angles to the direction of wave travel?

A

Transverse Waves

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6
Q

What are waves in which the particles of the transmitting medium oscillate in the direction of wave motion?

A

Longitudinal Waves

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7
Q

What is the term for the squeezed portion of the coils of the spring?

A

Compression pulse

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8
Q

What is the term for the portion of the spring where the coils are spread out?

A

Rarefaction pulse

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9
Q

What is the length of a single wave?

A

Wavelength

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10
Q

What Greek letter represents wavelength?

A

Lambda (looks similar to a wishbone)

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11
Q

What is the term for the number of waves that pass a given point per unit time

A

Frequency

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12
Q

What is the SI unit of frequency?

A

Hertz

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13
Q

What is the time needed for one cycle of wave to pass?

A

Period

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14
Q

Formula for Period

A

Period = Time/Waves = 1/Frequency

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15
Q

Formula for Frequency

A

f = Waves/Time

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16
Q

What is the rate at which a wave travels through a medium?

A

Speed

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17
Q

Formula for Speed of a Wave

A

v = Lambda(f)

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18
Q

What is the change in the course of a wave as a result of a collision with an object of boundary?

A

Reflection

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19
Q

What states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection?

A

Law of reflection

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20
Q

What is the bending of the path of a wave as a result of a change in wave speed?

A

Refraction

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21
Q

What is the spreading out of a wave after it passes through a narrow opening?

A

Diffraction

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22
Q

What is the reinforcement or cancellation that occurs when two or more waves meet?

A

Interference

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23
Q

What is the term for vibrations traveling through a medium in the form of longitudinal pressure waves?

A

Sound

24
Q

What is the strength of a sound wave?

A

Intensity

25
Q

What is the effect of intensity on the way the human ear perceives sound?

A

Loudness

26
Q

What is the measurement used for sound intensity level?

A

Decibel

27
Q

What is the effect of frequency on the way the human ear perceives sound?

A

Pitch

28
Q

What is sound that can be heard?

A

Audible sound

29
Q

What are sounds with pitches below the audible range?

A

Infrasonic sounds

30
Q

What are sounds above the audible range?

A

Ultrasonic sounds

31
Q

What is the change in frequency caused by object’s motion?

A

Doppler effect

32
Q

What is the main factor affecting the speed of sound in air?

A

Temperature of air

33
Q

What is a violent compression pulse caused by constructive interference?

A

Shock wave

34
Q

What is the loud noise that sounds when a shock wave hits the ear?

A

Sonic boom

35
Q

What are the multiple reflections that cause the persistence of sound?

A

Reverberation

36
Q

What is a sound heard distinctly after being reflected from some object?

A

Echo

37
Q

What system, developed during WWII to locate submerged enemy submarines, emits sound waves underwater and analyzes the echoes reflected from submerged objects?

A

SONAR (SOund NAvigation & Ranging)

38
Q

What is the procedure for calculating distance by measuring the time interval that elapses between the sending of a sound wave and the return of an echo?

A

Echo ranging

39
Q

What is the process of dissipating the energy of sound waves?

A

Absorption

40
Q

What is the study of sound?

A

Acoustics

41
Q

What is a series of organized sounds waves with specific pitches that have been deliberately arranged?

A

Music

42
Q

What is random sound with no intended pattern?

A

Noise

43
Q

What is a definite pitch produced by a singing voice or musical instrument?

A

Note

44
Q

What is the difference in pitch between one note and a second note that is twice the frequency of the first?

A

Octave

45
Q

What is the result of two notes interfering harmoniously?

A

Consonance

46
Q

What are two notes that interfere in a more disagreeable way?

A

Dissonance

47
Q

What is the distance between two notes?

A

Interval

48
Q

What is the burst of louder sound that rapidly fades in and out?

A

Beat

49
Q

What is the most dominant sound within a single note?

A

Fundamental

50
Q

What are the other sounds produced at higher frequencies than the fundamental?

A

Overtones

51
Q

What describes the frequency relationships between the fundamental and overtones?

A

Harmonic series

52
Q

What is the distinct sound quality of each musical instrument or voice?

A

Timbre

53
Q

What is the set of natural frequencies at which an object vibrates?

A

Natural Frequencies

54
Q

What is the state in which two frequencies are the same or nearly the same?

A

Resonance

55
Q

What reverberates the sound waves produced by the instrument to make the sound louder by resonance?

A

Resonator

Physical Science (38 decks)

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