Chapter 4 Flashcards
What states that all molecules of matter are in constant motion and that the warmer an object is, the faster it moves?
Kinetic theory of matter
What is attraction to molecules of other substances?
Adhesion
The molecules of which type of fluid are unaffected by cohesion?
Gas
What is the curved surface cause by the rise of the water where it meets the glass?
Meniscus
What is the phenomenon in which liquids in thin tubes rise above or fall below their own levels?
Capillarity
Formula for pressure
P = F/A
SI unit of pressure
Pascal
What is the first factor that affects gravitational pressure in a liquid?
Depth of the liquid
What states that if pressure is applied to a fluid inside a closed container, the pressure increase will be distributed equally throughout the container?
Pascal’s principle
What is an airtight reservoir of a liquid opening into two cylinders of different diameters fitted with movable pistons?
Hydraulic Press
What is the ability to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers?
Compressibility
Formula for Boyle’s Law
P1V1 = P2V2
Formula for Charles’s Law
V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
What states that the temperature and pressure are directly related when volume is held constant?
Amonton’s Law
Formula for Amonton’s Law
P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
What temperature scale must be used for gas laws?
Kelvin
What is a device used to measure air pressure?
Barometer
What is a device used to measure altitude?
Altimeter
Fluids tend to move from areas of _____________ pressure to areas of _______________ pressure.
Higher / Lower
What states that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced?
Archimedes’ principle
What technique uses Archimedes’ principle to determine the specific gravity of a solid denser than water?
Hydrostatic weighing
What term means that the weight of the submarine exactly equals the weight of the water displaced?
Neutral Buoyancy
What is the fluid friction that tends to slow an object as it moves through a fluid?
Drag
What is the most important factor affecting drag?
The shape of the object
What is the science of shaping objects to allow the smooth flow of fluids around them and reduce drag?
Streamlining
What is a structure designed to produce lift as it moves relative to a fluid?
Foil
What is the angle of the foil relative to fluid flow, a factor that also affects lift?
Angle of attack
What is the phenomenon of a spinning cylinder or ball causing lift?
Magnus effect
What fact states that the lateral (sideward) pressure exerted by a moving fluid decreases as the fluid’s speed increases?
Bernoulli effect
