Chapter 12 Flashcards
Electronics
What is the study of electricity that deals with the behavior and motion of electrons in a vacuum or in semiconductors?
Electronics
What is the positive electrode of a vacuum tube?
Anode
What type of device is the Crookes tube an example of?
Cathode-ray tube
What are cathode rays composed of?
Streams of electrons
What is the production of an electric current in a vacuum using a heated cathode?
Thermionic emission
What type of vacuum tube allows current to flow through it in only one direction and consists of two electrodes?
Diode
What is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator?
Semiconductor
What is a semiconductor device that acts as a switch and amplifies weak signals?
Transistor
What is the separation of charges by light?
Photovoltaic effect
What is a single piece of semiconductor that contains an entire electronic circuit?
Integrated circuit
What is a device that processes information using electronic circuits?
Computer
What are pieces of information in a computer?
Data
What is the first general-purpose electronic computer?
ENIAC
What was America’s first mass-produced computer?
UNIVAC I
What type of information can have only certain values within a range?
Digital data
What are computers that operate using digital data?
Digital computers
What number system is based on powers of sixteen?
Hexadecimal system
What are devices that produce a single binary output based on one or more binary inputs?
Logic gates
What is the actual physical component of the computer?
Hardware
What is the brain of the computer?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
What is the memory that computers use to store information temporarily?
RAM
What is used for long-term storage of information?
Mass storage device
What is the computer’s system that allows the CPU to communicate with the outside world?
Input/Output (I/O) devices
What is the circuit board that connects all of the computer’s components?
Motherboard
What is stored information and instructions that direct the computer to perform certain tasks?
Software
What is a single piece of software that directs the computer to do a certain task?
Program
What includes all the different programs that direct the computer to perform specific tasks?
Application software
What is the language form that CPU can understand?
Machine language
What language is most software written in?
Programming language
What is a system of linked computers that allows information to be shared?
Computer network
What is the largest computer network?
Internet
What is a system for sending letters and other communication using computer networks?
Electronic mail (E-mail)
What is the most common general-purpose computers?
Personal computers
What are large computers designed to store and retrieve vast amounts of information?
Mainframes
What are the most powerful computers designed for rapidly performing complex calculations?
Supercomputers
What is a versatile, computer-directed machine that can be programmed to perform different tasks?
Robot
