Chapter 13.4 Flashcards
What is the term for electrons in the valence shell?
Valence electrons
What states that most atoms tend to react to obtain eight electrons in their valence shell?
Octet rule
What states that elements show regular and repeating properties when arranged by increasing atomic numbers?
Periodic law
What is a table of elements arranged by atomic number and number of valence electrons?
Periodic table of the elements
What is each row on the table?
Period
What is each column on the table called?
Group
What is the term for the elements in groups 1, 2, and 13-18, in which most common chemical reactions occur?
Main-group elements
Which category do most of the elements fall under: hard, dense, shiny solids?
Metals
What category are typically poor conductors of electricity and heat?
Nonmetals
What are all solids that have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals?
Semimetals or metalloids
What category is group 1 on the periodic table?
Alkali metals
What elements in group 2 all have two valence electrons?
Alkaline earth metals
What category makes up groups 3-12 and have either one or two electrons in their valence shells?
Transition metals
What 30 metals lie beneath the main body of the periodic table and fit between groups 3 and 4?
Inner transition metals
What is a basic constituent of all living things; the second most abundant element in the human body; and is found in different forms such as graphite and diamond?
Carbon
