Chapter 15.2 Flashcards
What is the study of the relationship between chemical reactions and the laws of thermodynamics?
Chemical thermodynamics
What is a form of potential energy that may be released as thermal energy when molecules combine or break apart?
Chemical energy
What states that energy gained or lost by a system equals the energy gained or lost by its surroundings?
First law of thermodynamics
What is a chemical reaction that releases thermal energy?
Exothermic reactions
What are chemical reactions that cause thermal energy to be absorbed and stored in the chemical bonds?
Endothermic reactions
What states that every chemical reaction must cause a decrease in usable energy and an increase in entropy?
Second law of thermodynamics
What term means that reactions are able to occur by themselves without continuing outside help?
Spontaneous
What is the area of chemistry that addresses the rates of chemical reactions?
Chemical kinetics
What is the kinetic energy necessary for molecules to chemically react?
Activation energy
What effect does an increase in temperature have on a chemical reaction?
Speeds the reaction
What is a substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed in the reaction?
Catalyst
What term means that under the right conditions, a reaction can be made to go backward?
Reversible
What is the state in which a forward and a reverse reaction will occur simultaneously at the same rate?
Chemical equilibrium
What states that when a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will react to at least partially offset that disturbance?
Le Chatelier’s principle
What are two disturbances that can disrupt the equilibrium?
- Change in concentration
2. Change in pressure
